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홍차넷
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티타임
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- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
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전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
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| Date |
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| Name | 모모스 |
| Subject | 헤로인과 모르핀 이야기 |
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헤로인 (Heroin) 은 뇌에서 Esterase에 의해서 모르핀 (Morphine) 으로 바뀝니다. 즉 헤로인을 투여하던 모르핀을 투여하던 뇌에서 효과는 모르핀이 나타내는 것이죠.  위의 구조에서도 알 수 있듯이 헤로인은 원래는 디아세틸모르핀 (Diacetylmorphine) 입니다. 다들 잘 아시다시피 19세기말 독일 바이엘이 출시한 제품으로 당시 상품명이 헤로인 (Heroin) 입니다. 모든 약의 영웅 이라나요....(제약회사에서 마약을 제조하고 판매하다니) 헤로인이 모르핀보다 훨씬 위험한 마약이라고 합니다. 가장 중독성이 큰 마약으로 여겨지고 사망 사고가 많은 마약입니다. 모르핀도 중독성이 큰데 헤로인은 모르핀보다 더 중독성이 심각하다고 합니다. 결국 같은 형태로 바뀌어지는데도 불구하고.... 위의 구조에서 보듯이 헤로인은 모르핀보다 지용성이 큽니다.(지용성이 크면 일반적으로 용해도가 떨어지기 때문에 경구 투여시 불리합니다. 하지만 모르핀과 헤로인은 주로 정맥주사를 통해서 투여합니다. 그런 면에서 경구투여하여 뇌로도 잘 이동하는 카페인은 대단한 물질입니다.) 따라서 헤로인은 모르핀보다 우리 뇌를 감싸고 보호하고 있는 BBB (Blood-Brain Barrier) 를 더 잘 통과하여 뇌로 이동하여 모르핀으로 바뀌기 때문에 같은 양이면 모르핀을 직접 투여한 경우보다 헤로인을 투여한 경우가 뇌에서 모르핀 농도가 3배 이상 높아집니다. 이런 이유로 헤로인이 모르핀보다 효과가 훨씬 강력합니다. 마약들은 뇌에서 작용을 하므로 결국 뇌 중 농도가 가장 중요한데 그런 면에서 헤로인은 특정 암세포만 공격하여 치료를 하는 표적항암제와 비슷한 일종의 표적 약물이라 할 수 있죠. 특정 표적기관이나 장기에 작용하는 스마트한 약물이죠. (물론 지질 비율이 크거나 지방질이 많은 모든 기관에서 혈중농도보다 높게 분포합니다. 아주 러프한 표적약물이라고 할 수 있겠네요. 실제 항원항체 반응을 이용한 단백질약물을 제외하면 특정장기만 특이적으로 작용하는 small molecule의 약물은 없습니다.) 또 이렇게 처음 투여한 약물 형태가 흡수 분포에 유리하면서도 실제 작용하는 지점에서 유효한 성분으로 바뀌는 약물들을 프로드럭 (Prodrug) 이라고 합니다. 헤로인은 일종의 프로드럭이죠. 마약 중에 프로..  효과가 나타나는 최소농도/ 부작용이 나타나는 최소농도의 사이를 Therapeutic range 라고 합니다. 실제 약물들 중에 Therapeutic range 넓은 약물인 경우 약물의 용량에 대해 자유로운 편이고 과다 복용시 위험성도 낮은 편입니다. 하지만 강심제 등으로 쓰이는 Digoxin이나 기관지 확장제로 쓰이는 Theophylline은 Therapeutic range가 좁은 약물이라 용량을 초과로 투여 된 경우 부작용이 나타나는데 이들 약물의 부작용은 심하면 죽을 수도 있을 만큼 강력한 것들입니다. 따라서 Therapeutic range 좁은 약물을 사용할 때는 신중해야 하며 특히 부작용이 심각한 경우 더 신중해야 합니다. 또 신생아, 노인환자, 여러 질환을 앓고 있는 환자, 다른 약물을 복용하는 환자, 특이 체질의 환자들의 경우 혈중 농도를 체크하여 신중하게 용량을 조절해 주어야 합니다. 다른 마약들과 비교하여 모르핀, 헤로인 모두 Therapeutic range 가 매우 좁은 약물입니다. 치료하는 약물이 아니니 Therapeutic range라기 보다 Active range라고 해야겠네요. Active/Lethal Dose 가 큰 차이가 없어 매우 위험한 약물입니다. 특히 헤로인은 더욱 위험한 약물로 모르핀이라고 생각하고 헤로인을 투여한 경우 부작용으로 거의 대부분 사망 사고로 이어집니다. (주로 호흡곤란으로 사망) 일반적인 Therapeutic range가 좁은 약물처럼 다른 질환을 가지고 있거나 특이한 체질인 사람이 헤로인을 투여한 경우 보통 사람과 다른 경우가 많아서 사망 사고가 더 빈번합니다. 일반 약물이었으면 혈중 농도를 체크해서 투여 용량을 조절해야 하는 경우이지만 마약을 그렇게 투여하는 사람이 없죠. 헤로인은 무서운 마약입니다. 이런 이유로 최근에 나오는 더 강력한 모르핀, 헤로인 계열 합성 마약은 더더욱 위험합니다.   모르핀 (Morphine) 은 양귀비에서 유래한 물질입니다. 양귀비 유액을 농축하고 정제하여 유효성분 농도를 높여 만든 마약이 아편이고 그 아편에서 특정하여 분리해내고 합성해낸 것이 바로 모르핀입니다. 메스암페타민, 코카인 계열 같은 신경흥분제 (Psychoactive stimulant) 마약과 달리 모르핀은 진통효과를 나타내는 마약입니다. 뮤수용체 (μ-opioid receptor) 작용하여 강력한 진통 효과를 나타내는 약물로 아래와 같이 작용합니다.   월남전을 배경으로 하는 영화에서 팔다리가 잘려나갔음에도 모르핀을 투여한 미군 부상병이 웃으면서 헬기로 후송되는 것을 볼 수 있습니다. 손발이 잘려나간 고통도 느낄 수 없게 하는 기적의 약이지만 약효가 떨어지면 극심한 고통이 몰려오기 때문에 모르핀을 맞아 본 사람은 무슨 수를 쓰더라도 더 모르핀를 맞기 위해 물불을 안가리면 모르핀을 찾게 하는 강력한 중독 현상을 나타나는 마약입니다. 지난 번에 소개한 우리의 뇌와 마음을 지배하는 약물들의 표를 보면 오른쪽에 순수한 Depressants쪽에 강력한 마약인 모르핀계 약물들이 위치해 있습니다.  Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 1 이 게시판에 등록된 모모스님의 최근 게시물
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Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 609
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 614
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 616
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 618
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 618
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 612
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 612
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 620
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 628
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 628
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 640
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 644
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/cmt_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 6
Warning: Use of undefined constant file_name - assumed 'file_name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 28
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 65
54018 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
54018 class='vcm '>
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 70
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 71
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 76
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 117
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 118
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 119
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 120
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 121
54018'> 새의선물
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 142
16/09/17 11:59
54018>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
프로드럭을 마약중에 프로... ㅎㅎ... 맥주마시며 읽다가 뿜을뻔 했습니다.
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
54018>
54018>
