Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 278
홍차넷
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 269
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 300
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 16
티타임
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 21
Warning: Use of undefined constant header - assumed 'header' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 31
- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_formmail - assumed 'use_formmail' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 519
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/include/print_category.php on line 9
전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 29
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 41
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 398
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 2
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/memo_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 10
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 40
| Date |
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 53 16/10/20 11:38:36 Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 56 |
| Name | 모모스 |
| Subject | 클로비스 화살촉과 발사무기 |
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클로비스(clovis)인  적어도 13,000년 전에 클로비스 화살촉이라는 매우 특징적인 화살촉을 가지고 북아메리카에 거주 중이었던 인류가 있었습니다. 이들을 클로비스 (Clovis) 인이라고 부릅니다. 이들도 현재 아메리카 원주민의 조상들 중 일부로 여겨집니다.   당시 정밀한 도구가 없으니 흑요석 같은 날카롭게 깍이는 돌을 일반 다른 돌을 내려쳐서 저 화살촉을 만들었을 것으로 추정됩니다. 현대에 재현해봤는데 동물가죽을 무릎위에 펴고 흑요석들을 열심히 다른 돌로 내려치면서 날카롭게 화살촉을 만드는 것은 거의 대부분 쉽게 성공하였으나 저 홈을 파다가 화살촉을 두동강 나버리더라구요. 당시에도 홈을 파는 기술이 어려워서 상당히 능숙한 사람들에 의해서 만들어졌을 것으로 여겨집니다. 화살촉의 홈을 파는 기술이 당시엔 하이테크 기술이었고 아마 전문 장인들이 있지 않았을까 추정됩니다. 이들의 특이한 클로비스 화살촉은 실은 화살의 앞부분이 아니라 투창에 앞부분입니다. 저 홈이 왜 중요하나면 그냥 돌을 매단 창보다 저 홈에 창대를 끼워 넣으면 밀리지 않아 훨씬 관통력이 커지기 때문입니다. 이렇게 홈에 끼운 투창은 사냥감에 더 깊이 박혀 효과가 더 좋아 사냥효율이 높았을 것으로 추정됩니다.  이 투창은 일반적으로 그냥 던지기보다는 현대 북아메리카 인디언들이 "atlatl" 라는 부르는 투척기를 이용하여 던졌을 것으로 여겨집니다. 저 클로비스석기를 끼운 투창을 투척기를 이용해서 던지면 시속 150km 속도로 최대 150m 까지 날라간다고 하네요. 보통 활과 화살과는 개념부터가 좀 다르죠. 활과 화살은 연사속도가 빠른 기본화기라면 클로비스의 투척기와 투창은 명중률이 떨어지고 연사속도도 느리지만 적에게 확실한 데미지를 주는 일종의 중화기입니다. 아마도 대형 동물을 사냥할 때 화살보다 더 효과가 있었을 것으로 여겨집니다. 또 그냥 던지는 투창보다 투척기를 이용하여 던지는 투창이 사거리가 길어서 매머드 같은 위험한 대형 동물을 사냥할 때 훨씬 안전하고 효율적이었을 것으로 여겨집니다. 이런 강력한 클로비스투창 덕분에 많은 대형동물들이 멸종되지 않았나 의심이 됩니다. 물론 당시 기후 조건의 변화도 있겠지만 북아메리카에서 대형동물들이 멸종한 시기와 클로비스투창이 활약한 시기가 상당기간 겹치기 때문에 의심을 거둘 수가 없습니다. 아무튼 클로비스인들은 이 클로비스석기를 맨단 투사체를 먼거리에서 투척했을 것으로 여겨지는데 부족끼리 전쟁 할 때는 갑옷 같은 것이 없었던 당시에는 파괴력이 큰 투창보다는 파괴력이 조금 낮더라도 연사속도가 빠르고 정확도가 뛰어난 활과 화살이 더 유리했을 거라 여겨집니다. 판처파우스트를 한자루 들고 있는 군인과 돌격 소총을 들고 있는 군인이 1대1로 싸우면 누가 이길라나요? 이 클로비스석기를 썼던 클로비스 문명 (Clovis culture)은 그 후에 아메리카로 진출한 기술 수준이 더 높았을 것으로 추정되는 다른 인류 (Folsom culture) 에 의해서 통합되고 흡수되었을 것으로 여겨집니다. 우리 인류는 상대적으로 육체적 능력이 떨어지기 때문에 원거리 무기를 선호했고 이를 개발하기 위해 혼신의 노력을 하여 수많은 무기들이 탄생했습니다. 이런 창의적인 무기와 전술들로 기술이 떨어지는 부족과 종족들을 정복하지 않았을까 합니다. 네안데르탈인의 경우 이들의 유골을 보면 뼈가 부러졌다가 아문 흔적이 많은데 아마도 사냥을 할 때 일반적인 투창과 육박전술를 사용하기 때문에 뼈가 부러지는 부상을 많이 당했을 거로 여겨집니다. 이에 반면 현생인류인 호모사피엔스는 직접적인 접촉을 피하면서 원거리 무기를 통해 사냥이나 전쟁을 했는데 아마도 현생인류보다 체격이 더 좋은 네안데르탈인을 정복하는데 이런 롱레인지 무기들이 큰 역할을 하지 않았을까 합니다. 활과 화살  13000~15000년 전 동굴벽화로 여겨지는 라스코 동굴벽화에 활을 쏘는 인류의 모습이 나옵니다.  보기와 달리 활과 화살이란게 당시엔 '고도의 하이테크 기술' 로 만들어지는 복잡한 무기라서 한 번 본다고 쉽게 따라 만들 수 있는 무기가 아니었습니다. 그냥 나무작대기 하나에 줄하나 건다고 다 무서운 활이 되는 것이 아니에요. 활과 화살은 만드는 기술에 따라 사정거리와 관통력에서 큰 차이가 납니다.  그래서 이런 활을 만드는데 엄청나게 공을 들인 민족이 많은데 특히 우리 민족도 이쪽에서는 뒤지지 않습니다. 중앙과 동아시아에서 기원한 투르크, 몽고 계열에서 복합궁들이 유명한데 예맥각궁의 전통을 이어받는 우리의 국궁도 그에 뒤지지 않는 복합궁입니다. 한반도에서 생산되지 않는 무소뿔 등을 비롯해 여러 재료를 민어 부레 등의 천연접착제로 단단히 붙여 만든 최고의 복합궁 중 하나입니다. (물론 비가 오거나 습한 환경이면 무용지물이 되기도 하지요) 그 유명한 영국의 거대한 장궁 (Long Bow) 과 비교가 되죠. 이런 복합궁은 만들기도 어렵고 제작기간도 오래 걸리는 당시에는 첨단 무기였고 계속 발전해가는 무기였습니다. 심지어 이런 복합궁은 제대로 사용하려면 많은 연습이 필요한 무기입니다. 또 사용하는 사람들이 계속된 연습을 통해 숙련도를 유지해야 하기도 합니다. 만들기도 어렵고 사용하기도 까다롭지만 이런 불편함을 감수하고도 적보다 뛰어난 롱레인지 무기를 장비해야만 했던 당시의 절박함을 이해해 주어야죠. 특히 여러 부족간에 경쟁이 심했던 구대륙 특히 유라시아대륙에서는 이런 무기의 기술 발전 속도가 매우 빨랐습니다. 솔뤼트레인 (Solutrean)  클로비스인의 후예로 여겨지는 8,340–9,200년 전 유골인 Kennewick Man의 두개골과 생전 모습을 재현한 두상. 좀 유럽인들 (Caucasian) 과 생김새가 비슷하죠. 이건 만들기 나름이니까요.  솔뤼트레인 (Solutrean )은 20,000~15,000년 전까지 유럽 지역인 스페인, 프랑스 주변에 살았던 현생 유럽인들보다 먼저 유럽에 정착했던 종족으로 여겨지며 클로비스 석기와 비슷한 석기 사용하였습니다. 이를 근거로 알래스카와 미국을 가로막은 빙하가 열려 (대략 12,600년 전) 다수의 아시아인들이 북아메리카에 도달하기 전에 유럽에서 대서양을 통해 북아메리카 동부로 진출한 솔뤼트레인들이 클로비스인들의 선조라는 좀 무리한 설도 있습니다. 앞서 말한 것과 같이 클로비스인들은 현재 아메리카 원주민의 조상들 중 일부로 여겨지고 역시 아시아에서 온 사람들입니다. Kennewick Man 역시 DNA 분석 결과 현대 아메리카 원주민의 조상으로 (mtDNA haplogroup X2) 역시 아시아를 통해서 들어온 사람들의 후손으로 여겨집니다.  직접적인 클로비스인의 유골로 여겨지는 Anzick-1 유골의 DNA 분석 결과 역시 아메리카 원주민의 조상으로 (mtDNA haplogroup D4h3a) 여겨집니다. mtDNA 분석을 통해 아메리카 원주민들은 거의 대부분이 아시아계라는 사실은 명확합니다. 다만 클로비스 석기의 흔적이 시베리아와 알래스카에서 발견되지 않고 있다는 점과 DNA 분석으로 유럽인들에게만 나타나는 특징들이 아메리카 원주민에게도 일부 나타난다는 의문점이 있습니다. 이와 연관되어 근래에 시베리아의 말타 (Mal'ta) 유골에서 흥미롭게 설명할 수 있는 강력한 증거들이 나왔습니다. Kennewick Man, 클로비스인, 솔뤼트레인에 대해서는 다음에 더 자세히 이야기 해보겠습니다. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 8
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57642 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
57642 class='vcm '>
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 70
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 71
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57642'> Darwin4078
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 142
16/10/20 14:19
57642>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
슬링형 투창이라니... 처음 봤어요.
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Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
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