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홍차넷
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티타임
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- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
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전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
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| Date |
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| Name | Ben사랑 |
| Subject | 영어사전 앱들을 소개해봅니다. |
|
오늘 하루 할 일이 없어서 잉여짓이나 해보았습니다. 타이핑을 하면서 저 나름의 정신수양을 꾀하려고요.. 이왕 타이핑질을 한 김에 관련해서 글을 작성해봅니다. 저는 여러가지 영어사전 앱들을 갖고 있는데요, 이 앱들을 소개해봅니다. 물론 저는 영어(교육) 전공자 혹은 권위자가 아니기 때문에 저의 평가 따위는 아무 권위가 없고 매우 불합리할 것입니다. 따라서 평가는 하지 않습니다;; 단어는 하나의 사전만 보면 안 되고, 여러 사전들을 많이 봐야 합니다. 물론 단어는 상황맥락이 있는 담화 또는 의사소통 속에서 읽고 듣고 접하는 것이 짱짱이지만, 그 담화 또는 의사소통에서 접했지만 그 의미에 대해서 물음표가 남는 단어는 반드시 사전을 통해 재확인하는 것이 좋다고 봅니다. 예전에 저는 사전만 엄청 파서 여러 단어들의 중심의미와 용례들을 노트에 정리한 적이 있는데, 그러면 실전력이 극히 떨어지니 그러지 마시고요;; 뭐 물론 지금 와서 보니 한때 영어실력에 도움은 되었던 것 같지만 머릿속에서 다 까먹었습니다. 영한사전은 네이버 사전 앱과 다음 사전 앱을 씁니다. 제 경험상, 모르는 단어의 뜻을 찾을 때, 일단 영영사전 앱의 내용을 읽기 이전에 영한사전 앱의 대응어로 된 정의들을 쭉 훑습니다. 영한사전 앱의 정의를 먼저 인지한 후 영영사전 앱의 길게 풀이된 정의를 음미합니다. 그것이 단어의 잘못된 뜻의 표상형성을 개연적으로 상당히 막을 수 있는 길입니다. 또 시간효율성도 높아지고요. 영어사전들은 다 독특한 자신만의 매력이 있습니다. 이들을 그것들이 영단어를 정의하는 양태에 따라 분류하면, (영한사전은 이미 위에서 언급했으니 제외. 또 이 글이 방점을 찍는 건 영한사전 쪽이 아니고요.) 1. 그냥 정말 일반 사람들이 생각하는 '정의하는 투의(?)' 사전 => Dictionary.com, Oxford Dictionary of English, WordWeb => 명료하고 간결한 일상어들의 조합으로 해당 영단어를 정의하고 있습니다. 2. If절 등등으로써 해당 단어가 가질 수 있는 용례를 머릿속에 생생히 그림을 그릴 수 있게끔 묘사하고, 그런 용례에서는 이 단어는 이런 뜻을 가진다, 라고 설명하는 사전 => DioDict (Collins Cobuild English Learner's) => 머릿속에 용례의 상황을 그리기 쉽습니다. 실전력을 기르는 데에 좋은데, 다만 해당 영단어만의 뜻을 잘 못 캐치해낼 때도 (제 역량 탓이겠지만) 더러 있습니다. 3. 여러 작은 사전을 한꺼번에 보여주는 큰 사전 => The Free Dictionary by Farlex => 여러 작은 사전들의 의미들을 비교해가면서 읽으면 좋습니다. 4. 백과사전 => Oxford Philosophy, Science Dictionary by Farlex, Encyclopedia + => 저는 일반 어학사전이랑 세상지식을 듬뿍 담고 있는 백과사전이랑 모두 봐야 한다고 생각합니다. 예를 들어 '빗변'이라고 하는 용어는 반드시 '직각삼각형'이라는 용어의 의미를 먼저 이해해야 비로소 역시 이해할 수 있는 것이지요. 모든 용어는 어떤 여러 이론들 하에서 정의됩니다. 세상지식의 학습이 결여된 순수한 언어만의 학습은 있을 수 없습니다. 5. 영미권 원어민 아재들이 해당 영단어를 자기 나름대로의 방식대로(애드립도 상당히 들어있음) 정의내린 것들을 모아놓은 사전 => UrbanDict => 뭐 나름의 애드립이라든지 개개인의 개똥철학이라든지 등등을 읽으면서 나름 해당 단어에 대해 어떤 식으로 표상을 형성할까에 대한 전략 구상도 되고, 좋습니다. 6. 유의어 사전 => WordNet 3.0 (Advanced English Dictionary and Thesaurus) => 비슷비슷한 뜻을 갖고 있는 단어들이 무엇무엇이 있는지 한 데 모아서 나열해주고 있습니다. 또, 그것들의 미묘한 뉘앙스 차이를 짚어주기도 합니다. paraphrasing이나 머리 회전에 도움이 될듯.. (그 외에도 구동사 사전 등등 있지만 이 글에서 논하지 않겠습니다. 그리고 저의 경우는 그런 것들을 평생 쓸 일이 없을 것 같네요. 갖고 있는 사전이나 잘 써먹어야지..) concept이라는 단어에 대해서 다음 사전들이 정의하는 것들을 한번 여기다 써봤습니다. Dictionary.com - 1. a general notion or idea; conception 2. an idea of something formed by mentally combining all its characteristics or particulars; a construct. 3. a directly conceived or intuited object of thought. Oxford Dictionary of English (concept은 좀 정의가 엉성해서 대신 coherence를 찾았습니다.) - 1. the quality of being logical and consistent - 2. the quality of forming a unified whole (mental도 찾아보았습니다.) - 1-1. relating to the mind 1-2. done by or occurring in the mind - 2-1. of or relating to disorders or illnesses of the mind 2-2. mad; insane WordWeb (concept의 뜻 정의가 별로라 move를 탐색했습니다) - 1. Change location; proceed; also used metaphorically - 2. Cause to move or shift into a new position or place, both in a concrete and in an abstract sense - 3. Move so as to change position, perform a nontranslational motion - 4. Change residence, affiliation, or place of employment - 5. Follow a procedure or take a course - 6. Be in a state of action - 7. Go or proceed from one point to another =>위의 세 사전들(Dictionary.com, Oxford Dictionary of English, WordWeb) 다 간결한 일상어들의 조합으로 단어를 정의하고 있습니다. 저는 이 정의하는 어구들의 부분들을 서로 비교 및 연결해보기도 하고, 다의어는 (중심 의미 + 부차적 의미 + 덜 부차적 의미1 + 덜덜 부차적 의미2 + ..) 식으로 정리해봅니다.(이 작업을 할때 참고한 논문 : 이현근 - 개념구조에 의한 단어의 다의성 연구) 정의하는 어구들과 함께 수록되어 있는 예시들을 같이 보면서 머릿속에서 그림을 그려보기도 하고, 이 단어가 쓰이는 상황맥락에서 어떤 개념을 떠올려보기도 하고.. 다만 손으로 무얼 쓴다는 것은 생각보다 상당히 오랜 시간이 걸리는 작업이기 때문에, 시간을 너무 허비하지 않도록 합니다. DioDict (Collins Cobuild English Learner's) (이 사전은 concept라는 단어에 대한 설명은 별로라 이 사전의 merit를 잘 설명해주지 못할 것 같아서, 대신 relate라는 단어를 찾았습니다) - 1. If something relates to a particular subject, it concerns that subject. - 2. The way that two things relate, or the way that one thing relates to another, is the sort of connection that exists between them. - 3. If you can relate to someone, you can understand how they feel or behave so that you are able to communicate with them or deal with them easily. - 4. If you relate a stroy, you tell it. => 위 사전(DioDict (Collins Cobuild English Learner's))은 일단 If절과 같은 꼴 안에서 해당 단어를 그 단어가 쓰이는 용례 속에서 제시하고, 그 용례 속에서 단어가 어떤 의미를 갖는지 묘사하고 있습니다. 어떤 단어를 실전에서 바로 마주했을 때 머리회전을 빨리 할 수 있게끔 해줍니다. Collins Cobuild 사전이 이런 식의 단어 정의를 최초로 도입한 사전이라고 알고 있습니다. 다만 그 단어만의 뜻을 정리하는 데에는 적합하지 않습니다. 하지만 뭐 꼭 단어들을 정리해야 할 필요는 없죠. 계속 자주 보고 나 자신이 이에 익숙해지게 하는 게 중요하지. The Free Dictionary by Farlex (세 개나 사전이 뜨네요. 그 중에 두 개 사전만 여기에 적습니다.) (사전1) - 1. an idea, esp an abstract idea - 2. (Philosophy) a general idea or notion that corresponds to some class of entities and that consists of the characteristic or essential features of the class - 3. (Philosophy) a. the conjunction of all the characteristic features of something b. a theoretical construct within some theory c. a directly intuited object of thought d. the meaning of a predicate - 4. (Automotive Engineering) (of a product, esp a car) created as an exercise to demonstrate the technical skills and imagination of the designers, and not intended for mass production or sale (사전2) - 1. a general notion or idea; conception. - 2. an idea of something formed by mentally combining all its characteristics or particulars; a construct. - 3. a directly conceived or intuited object of thought. - 4. a theme or image, esp. as embodied in the design or execution of something. => 백과사전식 정의도 나와있고 일반 어학사전식 정의도 나와있고 아주 어마어마하게 단어의 뜻을 풀이하고 있습니다. 또 유의어도 같이 딸려서 소개되고 있습니다. 솔직히 이 글에 있는 사전들 중에 그냥 사전 앱 하나만 구입하고 싶다 하면 이 앱만 구입해도 될 듯 해요. 여러 방대한 단어의 뜻의 설명들을 보고서 이 다량의 input들을 머릿속에 새기고 굴리면 output이 되는 머릿속의 표상이 더 유연해집니다. 물론 이 작은 여러 사전들 중에 한 사전의 설명들만 택해서 보아도 되고요. Oxford Philosophy - A concept is that which is understood by a term, particulary a predicate. To possess a concept is to be able to deploy a term expressing it in making judgements: the ability connects with such things as recognizing when the term applies, and being able to understand the consequences of its application. The term 'idea' was formerly used in the same way, but is avoided because of its associations with subjective mental imagery, which may be irrelevant to the possession of a concept. In the semantics of [Frege], a concept is the reference of a predicate, and cannot be referred to by a subject term. See also [concept and object]. Science Dictionary by Farlex (여기 사전에는 concept가 수록되어 있지 않고 대신 concept analysis(=>analysis)가 수록되어 있어서 이를 여기에 적습니다. - (analytical chemistry) The determination of the composition of a substance. - (mathematics) The branch of mathematics most explicitly concerned with the limit process or the concept of convergence; includes the theories of differentiation, integration and measure, infinite series, and analytic functions. Also known as mathematical analysis. - (meteorology) A detailed study in synoptic meteorology of the state of the atmosphere based on actual observations, usually including a separation of the entity into its component patterns and involving the drawing of families of isopleths for various elements. Encyclopedia + - A concept is an abstact idea representing the fundamental characteristics of what it represents. Concepts arise as abstractions or generalisations from experience or the result of a transformation of existing ideas. The concept is instantiated (reified) by all of its actual or potential instances, whether these are things in the real world or other ideas. Concepts are treated in many if not most disiplines both explicitly, such as in linguistics, psychology, philosophy, etc, and implicitly, such as in mathematics, physics, etc. In informal use the word concept often just means any idea, but formally it involves the abstraction component. - In metaphysics, and especially ontology, a concept is a fundamental category of existence. In contemporary philosophy, there are at least three prevailing ways to understand what a concept is. 1) Concepts as mental representations, where concepts are entitles that exists in the brain (mental objects) 2) Concepts as abilities, where concepts are abilities peculiar to cognitive agents (mental states) 3) Concepts as Fregean senses (see sense and reference), where concepts are abstract objects, as opposed to mental objects and mental states => 위 사전들(Oxford Philosophy, Science Dictionary by Farlex, Encyclopedia +)은 영어사전은 아니고 백과사전인데, 영어로 그 뜻이 풀이된 백과사전이니 그냥 영어사전으로 퉁칩시다(...) Oxford Philosophy는 철학적인 관점에서 해당 단어를 설명해주는 철학사전 앱, Science Dictionary by Farlex는 과학적인 관점에서 해당 단어를 설명해주는 과학사전 앱, Encyclopedia +는 그냥 여러 위키피디아 앱 중에 하나인 앱입니다. 해당 단어에 대한 세상지식(특히 학문적 base가 있는)을 많이 알 수록 해당 단어를 머릿속에서 굴리는 데에 쉬워집니다. 다만 전공자 수준으로 보기에는 너무도 간략하고 허접한 설명일 수 있습니다만.. UrbanDict (concept에 대한 정의는 별 거 없어서 time을 대신 찾았습니다.) - (Top Definition) (by Jerry F. Lane) Nature's way of keeping everything from happening all at once. - (by browngirlsdonttakebs) What we waste spending time on here looking up random things like Britney Spears, and the definition of homosexuality. - (by jimmy ivory) 2. a very real thing based on the movement of matter in the universe. Units of time are measured in something defined axiomatically such as the speed of light and a defined length. - (by HT) A nonspatial continuum in which events occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - (by Detranova) An imaginary term created by the rich and powerful to limit your activity. - (by Jorden K L) Time is an absolute truth regardless of the state of existence so long as it is not the forever end. In the physical universe there need be motion of any kind for time to have something to be relative to. Time travel can not exist in the popular sense. One can travel forward in time while seemingly no time passes for the traveler, but this is an illusion caused by being in some kind of stasis. True travel back in tme can not occur. // This is not to say that instantaneous or near-instantaneous travel is impossible, just that such theories may not come into conflict with time's law. - (by Thundercleese) An abstract concept used by carbon-based lifeforms to measure their own rate of decay. - (by smileitsjoy14) Something un-rewindable. Something you can not waste. These 4 letters sum up life. Your life is how you spend your time. Dedicate your time to things that deserve it. To people who will love you on their time too. Because remember. This keeps going. It doesn't freeze. It won't stop. It can make you lose control. Make your head explode. Time is all yours. Life is your time. It's not all going to be amazing, but try to make most moments the time of your life. - (by JtothemuthafuckinT) Turns rock to sand, Kills kings, moves mountains, AND ABOVE ALL MAKES CHESSE YUMMY! - (by The Doctor Who) From a nonlinear, non-subjective viewpoint it's more of a big ball of wibbly wobbly, timey wimey stuff. - (by I Tried) Something that can only be given away. So, give it to those who matter. => 위 사전(UrbanDict)은 애드립과 개똥철학이 난무하는 사전입니다. 바로 원어민들이 자기 나름대로 특정 단어에 대해 정의를 내리고 설명을 하고 그 용례를 들고..하는 것들을 모은 것인데요. 읽어보시면 재밌습니다. 약간 원어민들과 현지에서 소통하는 것 같은 느낌도 나고, 저는 여기에서 나름 영단어에 대한 어떤 표상형성의 힌트도 많이 얻고 했었습니다. WordNet 3.0 (Advanced English Dictionary and Thesaurus) (concept은 별로 유의어가 안 나와서 read의 유의어를 탐색했습니다) - 1. [read] interpret something that is written or printed - 2. [read, say] have or contain a certain wording or form - 3. [read] look at, interpret, and say out loud something that is written or printed - 4. [read, scan] obtain data from magnetic tapes - 5. [read] interpret the significance of, as of palms, tea leaves, intestines, the sky; also of human behavior - 6. [take, read] interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression - 7. [learn, study, read, take] be a student of a certain subject - 8. [read, register, show, record] indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments - 9. [read] audition for a stage role by reading parts of a role - 10. [read] to hear and understand - 11. [understand, read, interpret, translate] make sense of a language => 위 사전(WordNet 3.0 (Advanced English Dictionary and Thesaurus))은 어떤 뜻에 대해 어떤 단어들을 쓰면 좋을까를 모아서 또 분류해서 나열해준 유의어 사전입니다. 다만 뉘앙스 차이에 주의해야 합니다. 유의어를 잘못 사용하면 재앙이 될 수 있다-라는 말을 어떤 사람이 했던 것 같은데, 그 사람의 이름이 기억이 안 나네요. 유의어들을 많이 알고 있으면 머릿속에서 표상전환이라든지도 잘 되고, 또 단어들을 set로 기억하니 기억력도 높아지고, 심화된 생각을 하기에도 용이해집니다. 옛날에 영영사전 관련해서 타임라인에 짧은 글을 쓴 게 하나 있는데, 잠깐 읽어보시는 것도..? https://new.redtea.kr/pb/view.php?id=timeline&no=2792 뱀다리1. 영어사전 앱 장사꾼 아닙니다.. 뱀다리2. 이런 글을 써놓고 웃기는 말이긴 한데, 저는 지금은 몇년 동안 영어를 하나도 안 봐서 I am a boy.도 간신히 읽는 수준입니다. 아 옛날이여 ㅠㅠ Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 1 이 게시판에 등록된 Ben사랑님의 최근 게시물
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55722 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
55722 class='vcm '>
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 70
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55722'> Ben사랑
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
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16/10/07 19:36
55722>삭제 주소복사
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오잉? 지금 보니 롱맨영영사전도 앱이 플레이스토어에 새로 생겼군요. 제가 옛날에 영영사전 앱들을 마구마구 구입할 때는 없었는데.. 가격은 3만 5천원 정도에 형성되네요. 저는 지금은 알거지라 이 롱맨 앱을 구입할 수 없습니다.ㅠㅠ
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