Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 278
홍차넷
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 269
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 300
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 16
티타임
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 21
Warning: Use of undefined constant header - assumed 'header' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 31
- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_formmail - assumed 'use_formmail' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 519
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/include/print_category.php on line 9
전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 29
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 41
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 398
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 2
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/memo_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 10
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 40
| Date |
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 53 16/01/31 01:50:31 Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 56 |
| Name | 눈부심 |
| Subject | 로버트 새폴스키 - 개코원숭이들을 통해 바라본 인간 |
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출처 : 로버트가 관찰한 개코원숭이들은 아프리카의 사바나지역(열대 대초원)에 서식하는 애들입니다. 로버트는 '스트레스' 연구 전문가예요. 인간은 더이상 천연두나 대역병으로 갑작스레 집단사하지 않죠. 현대의 우리는 60-70년에 걸쳐 인간을 서서히 쇠약하게 만드는 암, 당뇨나 비만, 심장병 등으로 결국 사망을 합니다. 오랜 시간에 걸쳐 건강에 신경을 쓰고 살면 생명연장이 가능하기도 합니다. 현대의 질병은 오랜 시간 겪는 스트레스로 질병이 생기거나 병이 악화되는 경우가 많습니다. 로버트는 왜 어떤 사람들은 육체적으로나 정신적으로 스트레스를 감당하는 능력이 뛰어나고 어떤 사람들은 그렇지 못한가에 관심이 많았습니다. 인간의 스트레스를 연구하기 위해 가장 적절하게 참고할 만한 영장류가 개코원숭이들이라고 합니다. 얼룩말은 사자가 공격했을 때 극도의 스트레스에 노출되고 사자는 얼룩말을 사냥하는 순간 극도의 스트레스 호르몬을 분비하지만 이러한 동물들이 겪는 스트레스는 인간의 것과는 판이하게 다르죠. 개코원숭이들은 맹수의 공격에 노출되어 있지도 않고 먹이를 구하는데 보내는 시간이 하루에 겨우 세 시간밖에 되지 않아요. 나머지 대부분의 시간동안 원숭이들은 같은 종끼리 심리적으로 서로 괴롭히고 견제하며 시간을 납니다. 개코원숭이는 50마리 내지 100리씩 무리지어 사는데 이들이 궤양에 걸리거나 삶이 비참하다면 그건 맹수 때문이 아니라 바로 다른 개코원숭이녀석 때문일 거예요. 꼭 인간처럼요. 인간이 사회생활을 하면서 겪는 온갖 신경증적인 스트레스의 극단성을 한방에 보여준다고 할 수 있죠. 인간은 교통체증 속에서도 스트레스를 받고 사회생활을 하면서 심리적인 스트레스에 시달립니다. 오랜 시간에 걸쳐 쌓이는 스트레스는 결국 인간의 신체도 쇠약하게 만듭니다. 스트레스는 생물학적으로 인간의 신진대사에 영향을 끼치기도 하고, 혈압을 상승시키기도 하고, 몸이 성장하거나 조직이 복구되는 데에도 제동을 걸며, 생식기능도 저하시킵니다. 로버트는 지난 25년간 특히나 일련의 스트레스 호르몬이 어떻게 인간의 뇌세포를 죽이는가를 실험실에서 연구했다고 합니다. 다시 개코원숭이로 돌아가서, 이들은 영장류 중에서 공격적이기가 이루 말할 수 없습니다. 이들에게는 마치 사자같은 송곳니가 있어서 엄청난 무기가 되죠. 먹을 것을 걱정할 필요가 없는 이들은 교묘한 심리전을 벌이며 허구헌날 치고박고 싸운다고 합니다. 싸울 때는, 같은 편이었다가 아니다 싶으면 배신때리기가 일쑤고 자신의 이익을 따라 이쪽에 붙었다가 저쪽에 붙는 등 엄청 비열하다고 하네요. 영상에서 10분 34초에 개코원숭이식 정치성이 극히 떨어지는 한 녀석이 비참하게 맞고 찢겨 얼굴뼈가 다 드러나 죽어있는 사진을 보여줍니다. 대장원숭이에게 대들었는데 다른 여섯마리의 개코원숭이들이 연대공격해서 처참히 죽여버렸어요. 개코원숭이 녀석들이 얼마나 광폭했던지 1960년대에 이들을 연구했던 Irvin Devore는 개코원숭이들은 포식자에 대항하기 위해 공격적인 성향을 갖도록 진화했으며 이 난폭함은 수돗물을 틀듯이 생겨났다 멈췄다 하는 것이 아니라 뼛속까지 각인이 돼서 모든 상황에서 광폭함을 본능적으로 늘상 분출하게 되었다고 말한 적이 있습니다. 공격성은 개코원숭이들의 본성이라 결코 바뀔 수 없는 것이라 단언했었죠. 그런데 로버트는 그 본성이 바뀌는 것을 목격하게 됩니다. 오래 전에 개코원숭이의 서식지인 아프리카 어느 곳에서는 관광붐이 일어나고 있었죠. 로버트가 연구하는 개코원숭이 무리들과 약 2 킬로미터 떨어진 곳에 다른 개코원숭이 무리들이 살고 있었어요. 바로 그곳이 관광숙박지였는데 관광붐이 일자 쓰레기도 덩달아 늘었다고 합니다. 사람들은 커다란 구멍을 파서 거기에 쓰레기를 버려두었죠. 쓰레기더미에, 근처 살던 개코원숭이들이 와서 쓰레기를 먹고 살기 시작했어요. 이 녀석들은 이제 어디 놀러가지도 않고 쓰레기주변에 죽치고 앉아서 인간의 음식물쓰레기를 두고 서로 치고 박고 싸우기 시작합니다. 잠도 쓰레기더미 근처의 나무 위에서 잤어요. 식생활이 바뀌자 이녀석들이 살도 찌고 인슐린 수치도 올라가고 당뇨도 생기고 그랬죠. 그러던 어느 날 로버트 박사가 연구하던 무리 중 몇몇의 수컷 개코원숭이녀석들이 다른 무리들이 사는 곳의 '맛있는' 쓰레기더미에 대해 알게 되고 박사팀의 수컷들 중 반이나 되는, 힘깨나 쓴다는 원숭이들이 2킬로미터를 매일 같이 달려가서 치고 박고 싸우며 인간의 음식쓰레기를 먹고 다시 자기네 서식지로 돌아오곤 했습니다. 그러다가 이 음식쓰레기를 차지하고 먹던 원숭이들이 집단으로 결핵에 걸리게 됩니다. 이게 어떻게 된거냐면 결핵에 감염된 소를 키우던 농부가 검사관에게 뇌물을 먹여 고기는 판매하고 소 허파를 쓰레기더미에 버렸는데 이걸 원숭이들이 먹은 거예요. 이 질병으로 쓰레기더미 근처에 살던 개코원숭이들이 모두 죽고 로버트 박사팀에 있던 수컷 반도 다 죽었어요. 로버트 박사팀에 속해 있다가 죽은 개코원숭이들은 특징이 있습니다. 쌈박질을 해가며 쓰레기를 차지할 정도로 괴팍스러운 수컷들이기도 했고 다들 아침에 서로의 털을 정리해주며 돈독한 시간을 갖는 차분한 사회생활 따위에는 관심이 없는 애들이기도 했어요. 난폭하고 사회성이 떨어지는 애들은 다 사망해버린 거예요. 남아 있는 개코원숭이들은 개체수의 두 배가 암컷들이었고 반 남은 수컷은 다들 사회성이 좋고 나이스한 애들이었어요. 폭력적인 애들이 다 죽고 나자 나머지 원숭이들에게서 괄목할만한 변화가 일어납니다. 평소보다 더 가까이 붙어서 다니기 시작해요.   왼쪽 사진에서처럼 저렇게 가까이 여러 마리들이 같이 있는 건 평소에는 아주 보기 힘든 장면이라고 합니다. 오른쪽 사진에서는 수컷이 새끼를 등에 업고 다니고 있는데 저렇게 수컷이 치고 박고 싸우는 중이 아니라 새끼원숭이를 돌보고 있는 건 드문 일이라고 합니다. 그리고 아래 사진은 두 마리의 '수컷'이 서로 그루밍을 하는 장면인데 이런 장면은 개코원숭이가 날아다닌다고 하는 것만큼이나 미친 풍경이라고 하네요 ㅎ. 전례없이 그렇게들 서로 붙어서 다니더래요.  로버트 박사가 이 무리들에게서 한 10년 떨어져 있게 되었는데 돌아와서 보아도 여전히 평화로운 풍경이었어요. 그동안 다른 곳에 서식하던 수컷 개코원숭이들이 사춘기에 접어들며 이 무리에 유입해 들어왔는데 보통의 개코원숭이들처럼 난장판의 세계에서 광폭하게 살다가 평화로운 이곳에서 암컷원숭이들에게서 교육을 받고 다들 유순해졌다고 합니다. 어떤 결정적인 계기로 인해 세대가 바뀌는 동안 개코원숭이들의 문화가 돌변하게 된 것인데 이 변화에 기여한 원숭이들이 주로 암컷이었다고 해요. 원숭이들의 성장에 있어 사회성과 협동심을 주도적으로 교육시켰다고 하는군요. 개코원숭이들의 광폭함은 1960년대에는 생물교과서에서 말하는 불변의 본능이었지만 그네들이 변하기도 함을 보여준 사례입니다. 이들의 행동을 인간에 반추해보면 재미있어요. 신경과학계에서 간혹 무자비하게 사용되는 '본능', '선천성'과 같은 말들이 있죠. 마치 해결책이 없는 것 같이 들리지만 꼭 그렇지도 않아요. 17세기 유럽사회는 야만인들의 세계였어요. 특히나 스웨덴 사람들이 엄청나게 야만적이고 잔인했다고 합니다. 스웨덴왕국의 잔혹함은 가히 상상을 불허할 정도였다고 합니다. 그치만 지금의 스웨덴은 전혀 반대의 모습을 하고 있어요. 인간도 개코원숭이들처럼 변모하더란 말이죠. 로버트박사가 팟캐스트에 나와서 자신은 실제 더할 수 없이 비관적인 성향의 사람이지만 인간이라는 영장류에 대해서는 스티븐 핑커만큼이나 낙관적이라고 합니다. 암컷개코원숭이들이 새로 유입해 들어온 개코원숭이들을 교육시키는 부분을 언급할 때 culture(새로운 culture에 적응하는..)라는 말을 쓰던데 우리가 어떤 문화를 고수하느냐, 즉 어떤 방향으로 가려고 노력하느냐는 참 중요하다는 생각이 들었습니다. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 7 이 게시판에 등록된 눈부심님의 최근 게시물
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Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 118
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 119
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 120
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 121
30057'> Obsobs
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 142
16/01/31 04:07
30057>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
흥미롭네요. 인간 사회가 좀 더 문명적이고 더 공존을 생각하며 덜 공격적으로 변할 수 있느냐에 대한 질문에 yes라고 대답해 줄 수 있는 내용인거 같아요. 하지만 그럴려면 현재 존재하는 호전적인 인간들이 다 싸그리 없어져야 하는건가 싶기도 하네요.
인간집단도 큰 이벤트가 있고 난 다음에 변할수 있겠다고 생각하려면... 핵전쟁이라도 일어나야 인류가 그렇게 바뀌려나요. 그렇지만 크게 보면 세계적인 전쟁은 \'되도록 덜\'하려고 하고 있고, \'지속가능한 성장\'을 추구한다는 점에서 다소 낙관적으로 볼 수도 있겠네요.
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
인간집단도 큰 이벤트가 있고 난 다음에 변할수 있겠다고 생각하려면... 핵전쟁이라도 일어나야 인류가 그렇게 바뀌려나요. 그렇지만 크게 보면 세계적인 전쟁은 \'되도록 덜\'하려고 하고 있고, \'지속가능한 성장\'을 추구한다는 점에서 다소 낙관적으로 볼 수도 있겠네요.
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
30057>
30057>
