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홍차넷
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티타임
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- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
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전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
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| Date |
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| Name | 모모스 |
| Subject | 고양이와 톡소포자충 |
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많은 기생충들이 독특하고 복잡한 라이프사이클을 가진 경우가 많은데 하나의 안정된 숙주에 안주하여 편안하게 살다가 결국 숙주와 함께 운명을 다하기보단 위험하더라도 다른 동물들로 넘나들면서 번식을 하여 후손을 남기도록 진화 적응되었기 때문입니다. 그래서 지난 번 " 모차르트와 돼지선모충" 글에서 소개한 돼지 선모충처럼 기생충의 대부분이 복잡한 라이프 사이클을 가지고 여러 동물을 넘나들면서 살아가고 있습니다. 가혹 인간의 몸 속에 잘못 이동하거나 아예 인간의 몸에 적응하여 새로운 라이프 사이클을 만드는 기생충들도 있습니다. 톡소포자충 (Toxoplasma gondii) 톡소포자충은 역시 복잡한 라이프사이클을 가지는데 고양이가 최종 숙주인 기생충입니다. 톡소포자충은 말라리아원충 (Plasmodium) 처럼 원충류 (Protozoa) 입니다. 이들은 다른 기생충과는 좀 다른 면이 있죠. (톡소포자충과 말라리아원충은 가까운 친척이고 그들만의 은밀한 기원이 있을 거으로 예상됩니다. 기생충으로 특이하게 항생제인 클린다마이신에 대한 감수성을 가지고 염록소와 관련된 부수기관 등을 가지고 있습니다.)  위 그림과 같이 톡소포자충은 정상적으로는 "고양이" 와 "고양이 먹이 (쥐같은)" 사이를 오고가는 라이프 사이클을 가진 기생충입니다. 1. 고양이 소화관에서 Oocyst 형태로 번식한 후 고양이 변으로 외부로 나옴. 2. Oocyst에 오염된 고양이 변을 접촉한 중간숙주인 쥐 (보통 작은 설치류나 작은 새) 로 이동. 3. 중간숙주 몸에서 초기엔 Tachyzoite 로 변화되어 주로 근육조직에 분포함. 무성생식으로 번식. 4. 만성 감염이 되면 Bradyzoite 로 변화되고 일부는 뇌로도 이동함, 수천개의 Bradyzoite들이 모여 Cysts 형성하여 숙주의 면역체계과 균형을 이루기도함. 역시 무성생식으로 개체수를 늘림. 5. 뇌에서 숙주의 신경전달시스템을 교란하는 물질을 분비하여 숙주의 행동양식에 변화를 주기도 함. 특히 쥐들이 고양이 오줌을 선호 (실제는 신경안정제처럼 고양이 오줌에 대한 경계심을 감소시킴) 하도록 해서 고양이 생활권으로 이동하게 하거나 고양이 눈에 쉽게 띄도록 행동하게함. 톡소포자충이 쥐들을 자살특공대로 만듬. 6. 최종숙주인 고양이에게 먹힌 후 고양이 소화관에서 유성생식으로 번식하여 새로운 Oocyst를 생산함 고양이에게 잡아먹힐 작은 쥐나 새에게 가야 할 톡소포자충들이 우연히 인간을 감염시키기도 합니다. (이들은 고양이 소화관이라는 고향이자 약속의 땅에 돌아갈 방법을 잃어버린 잘못된 길에 들어선 톡소포자충들이죠.) 1. 인간 (인간뿐만 아니라 돼지나 양들도 이런 경로로 감염됨) 이 Oocyst에 오염된 고양이의 변을 직접적으로 접촉하여 감염된 경우 2. 인간이 1번 방법으로 감염된 돼지나 양 (보통 시간이 지나 Tachyzoite, Bradyzoite 형태) 등의 고기를 익혀먹지 않아서 감염된 경우 Oocyst, Tachyzoite, Bradyzoite 형태 모두 인간의 체내에 들어가면 감염을 일으킬 수 있습니다. (물론 인간의 면역세포와 격렬하게 싸웁니다.) 1번보다는 주로 2번경우가 많다고 하네요. 전세계 인구의 1/3 이상이 톡소포자충에 감염되었다고 추정됩니다. 인간의 경우 면역세포와 격렬하게 싸우긴 하지만 어느 정도 균형을 이루어 공생을 하고 있습니다. 감염초기에 간단한 감기증상을 겪고 평생 다른 특별한 증상없이 살아가는 경우가 일반적입니다. 다만 임신부 (태반을 T세포가 통과하지 못해 태아에서 톡소포자충이 늘어나는 것을 견제하지 못함) 나 면역계의 문제가 있는 사람 (AIDS환자) 들의 경우엔 매우 위험하기도 합니다. 특히 만성감염이 되면 인간의 면역세포의 공격에 Bradyzoite들이 모여 Cysts 형태로 단단하게 방어진을 펴고 인간의 뇌속에서 조용하게 살아갑니다. 그들 입장에서 안되었지만 막다른 골목에 들어서 다시 고양이 소화관으로 돌아갈 방법을 찾지 못해 후손종을 남기지 못하고 인간의 뇌에 정착지를 건설하고 조용히 살아갈 뿐이죠. 다만 이들이 뇌에 자리 잡아 쥐를 행동을 조절했던 메카니즘과 관련되어 인간의 행동양식에도 영향을 미치기도 합니다. 톡소포자충 감염자들은 정신질환 특히나 우울증이나 정신분열증이 발병할 확률이 2배이상 높다고 하고 반응 속도가 느려져 교통사고 확률도 2배 이상 높다고 합니다. 주의력 결핍, 과다행동장애, 파킨스병 등의 위험인자로 보기도 합니다. 특히 타인에게 난폭하게 행동하거나 사회성이 떨어져 은둔형 인간이 되기 쉽다고 하네요. 남녀가 상이하게 반응하기도 합니다. 다시 말씀드리지만 인간에게 들어온 톡소포자충들은 잘못된 길에 들어선 기생충들입니다. 자신들의 일생사를 다시 돌기 위해서는 어떻게든 고양이 소화관으로 돌아가야하는데 오염된 돼지, 양, 사람으로 들어온 톡소포자충들은 이 돼지, 양, 사람들을 고양이가 먹을 확률이 낮아 고향으로 돌아갈 방법을 잃고 중간숙주에서 일생을 마감하기 쉽죠. 고양이과 쥐 등을 오고가는 라이프사이클에 최적화되어있어 쥐와 고양이의 면역계를 회피하면서 번식했지만 그 밖에 다른 동물에서는 고양이소화관으로 돌아갈 방법이 없어 진화의 원동력인 유성생식을 할 수 없고 이 잘못된 중간 숙주의 면역시스템에 효율적으로 대처할 방법을 잃고 쉽게 전멸할 수 있습니다. 중간숙주들의 무서운 면역시스템에 오로지 무성생식방법으로 번식하고 있기 때문에 언제 전멸 당할지 모르는 위험한 상황에 놓여있기도 합니다. 실내에서 살아가는 대부분 애완용 고양이들은 야생쥐들을 잡아 먹지 않기 때문에 톡소포자충에 안전한 편이라고 합니다. 그래도 고양이 변들은 조심하세요. 특히 길양이들의 변은 조심하세요. 인간끼리는 서로 전염되지 않습니다. 돼지고기 육회를 먹거나 익혀먹지 않는 문화를 가진 생활권에서 톡소포자충의 감염비율이 높다고하네요. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 2 이 게시판에 등록된 모모스님의 최근 게시물
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Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 543
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 545
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 576
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 577
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 577
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 577
Warning: Use of undefined constant grant_delete - assumed 'grant_delete' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 577
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 425
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 429
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_formmail - assumed 'use_formmail' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 605
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 599
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 599
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 600
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 600
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 605
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 605
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 609
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 609
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 614
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 616
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 618
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 618
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 612
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 612
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 620
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 628
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 628
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 640
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 644
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/cmt_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 6
Warning: Use of undefined constant file_name - assumed 'file_name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 28
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 65
65446 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
65446 class='vcm '>
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 70
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 71
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 76
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 117
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 118
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 119
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 120
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 121
65446'> 어물쩡거리다가
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 142
17/01/02 00:05
65446>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
고양이똥 커피가 있다는데 잘 익혀 먹어야겠네요.
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
65446>
65446>
