Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 278
홍차넷
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 269
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 300
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 16
티타임
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 21
Warning: Use of undefined constant header - assumed 'header' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 31
- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_formmail - assumed 'use_formmail' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 519
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/include/print_category.php on line 9
전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 29
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 41
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 398
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 2
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/memo_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 10
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 40
| Date |
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 53 16/11/16 18:43:28 Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 56 |
| Name | 모모스 |
| Subject | 불안과 향정신성의약품 |
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최순실은 귀국 전후 차병원에 "공황장애" 진단서를 요구했다고 하는데 의사의 상담과 진단 없이 특정 개인이 병명을 지정하고 진단서를 요구했다니 대단하네요. 검찰에서도 휠체어 타고 다니고 언제든지 병을 만들 수 있고 이를 증명할 수 있다니...우리나라 권력서열 1위 답네요. 많은 사람들이 불안과 스트레스에서 벗어나 모든 것을 잊고 싶어하고 쉽게 잠에 빠져 이탈하고자 합니다. 이를 위해 신경억제제를 사용해왔는데 많은 사람들이 먹는 술, 알콜이 대표적입니다. 그 밖에 신경억제제로 진정-수면제 (Sedative-Hypnotics), 신경안정제 (Tranquilizesr), 모르핀, 헤로인, 대마초, 프로포폴 등을 사용해오고 있습니다. 이들 중 많은 약물들은 의존성이 나타나 약물투약에 대해 자기 자신이 통제할 수 없으므로 특별하게 관리를 받는 "향정신성 의약품" 으로 분류되고 심지어 더 관리가 심한 "마약" 으로 분류되기도 합니다. 불안 (Anxiety) 우선 불안 (Anxiety) 에 대해서만 더 자세히 알아보면, 불안 자체는 우리 생존에 필수 불가결한 요소로 진화적인 관점에서 보면 매우 우수한 예방시스템입니다. 잠재적인 위험을 경계하도록 불안이 유발되고 이에 따라 그 위험을 대비하고 행동할 수 있도록 해줍니다. 현생인류가 극히 위험한 지구환경에서 수차례 멸종위기를 겪으면서 생존해왔는데 이런 위험에 대한 경계와 예측을 유발하는 불안이라는 정서가 큰 도움이 되었을 거으로 여겨집니다. 즉 잠재적이고 즉각적인 각종 위험을 대비하고 반응할 능력이 없었다면 현생인류는 오래 전에 멸종했을 겁니다. 이처럼 불안은 우리의 생존에 매우 중요한 감정이지만 불안으로 마냥 움직이지 않고 가장 안전한 이불 안에만 있다면 아무런 일도 하지 못하고 또 도태되어가겠죠. 우리의 교감신경과 부교감신경이 이런 위협과 도전을 적당히 피드백하면서 우리 몸을 조절하고 있습니다. 불안장애 (Anxiety Disorders) 불안의 감정도 다른 감정처럼 뇌에서 정밀하게 작용하고 어떤 특정 원인들에 의해서 통제 불능에 빠지기도 하는데 이를 불안장애 (Anxiety Disorders) 라고 합니다. 일반적으로 불안장애는 우울증이나 양극성장애 등의 다른 정신질환과 증상이 유사하여 정신과 전문의와 상담, 진단, 진료 등이 강력히 요구됩니다. 우선 평정심에서 불안으로 이어져서 불안이 심화되는 단계적인 과정은 1. 걱정이 전혀 없음 > 2. 약간의 우려나 걱정 > 3. 합리적인 불안감 > 4. 비합리적인 불안감 > 5. 명백한 공포, 공황 와 같습니다. 불안장애 (Anxiety Disorders)는 그 원인에 따라 크게 6가지로 구분하기도 합니다. 1. 공황장애 (Panic Disorder) 2. 강박장애 (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, OCD) 3. 외상 후 스트레스 장애 (Post-Traumaic Stress Disorder, PTSD) 4. 사회적 불안장애 (Social Anxiety Disorder) 5. 특이적 공포 (Specific Phobia) 6. 범불안장애 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) 항불안제(Antianxiety drugs) 불안장애 치료도 우울증 치료처럼 플라시보효과가 매우 높습니다. 즉 환자와 의사의 관계가 중요하여 치료에 많은 영향을 미칩니다. 또 상담을 하는 의사의 자상함, 친철, 믿음 등이 치료에 영향을 미치고 환자들의 치료에 대한 참여도, 교육수준, 사회적 지위, 치료순응도 등에 따라 치료효과가 달라지기도 합니다. 신체적인 문제보다는 정서적인 문제가 더 중요한 질환입니다. 약물 치료는 전체 치료의 일부로 불안의 원인을 제거하는 것이 아니라 불안을 일시적으로 완하시키는 약물들입니다. 불안장애에 사용되는 약물들은 진정-수면제 (Sedative-Hypnotics), 신경안정제 (Tranquilizers) 등으로 불리우는 약물들로 대부분 향정신성의약품 (Propranolol, Buspirone, 항우울제등은 제외) 으로 분류됩니다. 특별히 불안만 제거하는 약물을 항불안제(Antianxiety drugs) 이라고도 하는데 진정-수면제 (Sedative-Hypnotics), 신경안정제(Tranquilizers) 랑 구분을 명확히 하기 힘들고 동시에 사용되는 경우도 많습니다. 특히 불안해소를 위해 사용되는 진정-수면제 (Sedative-Hypnotics) 는 약물의 사용량이 증감함에 따라 아래와 같은 증상이 차례로 나타나고 과다 복용시 사망에 이를 수도 있습니다. 특히 술과 함께 복용하는 경우 많은 약물들이 상승효과가 일어나 고용량 투여와 같은 효과를 발휘하여 위험할 수도 있습니다. 1.불안해소 > 2. 진정 > 3. 수면 > 4. 전신마취 > 5. 혼수 > 6. 사망  아래 1~3 약물은 GABA receptor (GABA 는 전체 중추신경계 수용체의 40%을 차지할 정도로 아주 중요한 수용체입니다.) 와 관련하여 작용을 나타내고 전부 "향정신성 의약품"으로 분류됩니다. 1. Barbiturate계 약물 - 아미탈 (Amobarbital), 넴뷰탈 (Pentobarbital), Phenobarbital 등이 사용됩니다. 다만 장기 복용하면 REM수면을 억제하다가 리바운드가 발생해 숙취 같은 느낌의 불편함이 일어나 점점 사용빈도가 떨어지고 있습니다. 약물의존성도 발생하기도 하고 무엇보다도 알콜과 상승작용로 인해 자살시도에 오용되기도 하는 위험한 약물입니다. 2. 벤조디아제핀 (Benzodiazepine) 계열 약물 - 바리움 (Diazepam), 아티반 (Lorazepam), 할시온 (Triazolam), 자낙스 (Alprazolam) 등이 사용됩니다. Barbiturate계 약물에 비해 호흡중추에 대한 작용이 약해 고용량 투여에도 호흡곤란에 의한 사망 가능성이 비교적 낮아 안전하게 많이 사용되는 약물입니다. 다만 알콜과 상승작용이 역시 발생하므로 주의를 해야하는 약물이기도 합니다. 바리움의 경우 반감기 (20~100시간)가 사람에 따라 매우 달라 약물의 소실속도가 느린 노인들의 경우 장기 복용하게 되면 약물의 체내축적으로 약물 유발성 치매를 일으키기도 합니다. 또 노인들이 장기복용할 경우 운동능력장애로 인해 낙상 등으로 골절이 유발될 수도 있기 때문에 문제가 되고 있습니다. 하지만 약물의존성이 낮고 Therapeutic range (효과가 나타나는 최소농도/ 부작용이 나타나는 최소농도의 사이) 가 넓은 약물이라서 널리 사용되는 약물입니다. 고용량으로 수면제로 사용할 경우 약물의존성이 나타나기도 하는데 금단 현상으로 불안과 불면증이 나타나기도 합니다. 바리움보다 10배 강하고 알콜과 상승효과를 강한 무색 무취의 벤조디아제핀계 약물인 로힙놀 (Flunitrazepam) 은 불법 데이트강간약물로 미국에서 널리 쓰인다고 합니다. (그 밖에 데이트강간약물로 물뽕으로 불리우는 GHB-Gamma HydroxyButyrate, MDMA, 엑시터시 등이 사용됨) 3. 스틸녹스 (Zolpidem) - 항불안제보다는 수면제로 주로 사용됩니다. 불면증 치료에 널리 쓰이는 약물입니다. 이에 대해서는 나중에 더 자세히 알아보겠습니다.  4. 부스파 (Buspirone) - 약물의존성도 낮고 알콜과의 상승효과도 적고 무엇보다도 운동능력장애도 거의 없습니다. 장기복용하여 항불안제로 사용되는데 주로 세로토닌 (5-HT 1A) 과 관련되어 작용을 나타냅니다. 이런 면에서 항우울제들도 항불안제로 사용될 수 있습니다. 약물의존성이 없어 "향정신성 의약품"으로 분류되지 않습니다.  5. 인데놀 (Propanolol) - Beta-Blocker로 원래 고혈압치료제이지만 실제 고혈압에 사용되기 보다는 심박수를 떨어뜨려 항불안약으로 주로 사용됩니다. 역시 약물의존성이 없어 "향정신성 의약품"으로 분류되지 않습니다. 특히 이런 약물들 중 Euphoria (다행감, 안도감, 행복감으로 해석할 수 있습니다.) 를 유발시키기도 하는데 이 때문에 오용, 남용되기도 합니다. 차병원이나 기타 병원에서 최순실이 대리처방 받아간 약물들 중에 "향정신성 의약품"들이 있다고 하던데 어떤 약물들인지 확인해 봐야 할 것 같아요. (하긴 프로포폴도~) 치료목적보다는 Euphoria 관련된 오남용약물이 아닐까 조심스럽게 추측해봅니다. 권력을 가진 약쟁이들....막을 수가 없죠. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 2
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60537 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
60537 class='vcm '>
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60537'> 똘빼
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16/11/16 18:59
60537>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
범죄자들이 정신병 악용해대니까 진짜 환우들이 피해보는 것 같아요. 가짜환자나 그환자와짜고치는의료인들 다 일벌백계해야한다고 봅니다.
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
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