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홍차넷
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티타임
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- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
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전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
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| Date |
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| Name | 모모스 |
| Subject | 산호초와 진딧물 |
|
무성생식은 아주 효과적인 전략입니다. 그 환경에서 살아 남은 우수한 형질이 계속 같은 형질로 복제되기 때문에 우수 형질을 보존하기도 쉽습니다. 무성생식은 유성생식과 달리 복잡한 짝짓기 과정을 생략하여 에너지 소비 측면에서도 훨씬 효율적입니다. 과거 인간들이 과일나무를 꺾꽂이와 접목법이라는 무성생식방법으로 인위적으로 재배해왔고 고구마나 감자도 뿌리덩이줄기를 이용하여 역시 우수한 형질을 무성생식으로 보호해 재배해오고 있습니다. 심지어 현대에는 우수 형질을 가진 가축들을 체세포복제라는 일종의 무성생식을 통해서 그 형질을 보호하려고도 합니다. 하지만 "그 환경" 이란 게 항상 일정한 것이 아니라서 이렇게 무성생식으로 번성한 생물은 조금만 환경이 바뀌어도 모두 같은 형질이라서 한개체도 남지 않고 쉽게 멸종할 수도 있습니다. 그래서 일부 생물들은 무성생식과 유성생식을 병행합니다. 진딧물 (Aphis mali)  진딧물은 식물의 진액을 빨아 먹는 해충으로 개미와 공생관계로 살아간다는 것은 많이 알려져 있습니다.  진딧물은 먹이가 충분한 환경인 봄에서 여름에는 주로 무성생식을 하는데 순식간에 개체 수를 수천 배로 늘릴 수 있습니다. 하지만 무성생식은 영원할 수 없습니다. 역시 조금만 환경이 바뀌면 멸종하기 쉽죠. 그래서 진딧물들은 가을이 되면 수컷도 태어나고 심지어 종에 따라 날개도 생겨 먼 곳으로 이동하여 유성생식을 합니다. 유성생식을 통해 알을 낳아 유전적 다양성을 확보합니다. 그래서 먹이가 없는 겨울을 버티고 봄이 오면 그 알들이 깨어나 또다시 무성생식을 합니다. 산호 (Coral)  산호는 폴립 단위로 구성되는데 폴립이 분열하여 증식한 후에도 서로 연결되어 있는 군체 생물입니다. 군체 내에 존재하는 모든 폴립들은 군체의 기원이 된 최초 폴립의 클론들로 무성생식을 통해 커다란 군체가 되었고 더 크게는 암초와 같은 산호초 (Reef) 를 이루기도 합니다. 단 하나의 폴립에서 거대한 산호초까지 모두가 유전적으로 동일한 생물일 수도 있습니다. (서로 치열하게 경쟁하니 실제 산호초는 수많은 산호들이 엉켜있습니다.) 처음에 말씀 드린 것처럼 무성생식은 아주 효과적인 전략입니다. 정자와 난자의 생성, 산란, 수정과 부화, 유생의 성장 등과 같은 복잡한 과정 없이 손쉽게 군체를 확장할 수 있기 때문입니다. 그러나 군체 전체의 성격이 동일하기에 유전적 다양성이라는 측면에서 보면 역시 무성생식은 리스크가 매우 큽니다. 예를 들어 최초의 폴립이 온도 변화에 민감한 약점을 지니고 있었다면 군체 자란 후 그 군체 전부가 그 약점을 공유하므로 지구의 온난화나 엘리뇨 현상에 자주 영향 받는 적도의 따뜻한 바다에서 이 군체 만은 더 쉽게 도태 될 수도 있습니다. (실제 기온 변화에 인한 바닷물 온도 상승이 산호가 멸종 되어 가는 원인 중 하나 입니다.) 그래서 산호도 유성생식을 병행하는데 더 극적인 방법으로 유성생식을 합니다. 보통 산호는 유성생식을 하고자 하면 한 군체내에서 일부 폴립들이 각각 암컷과 수컷을 역할을 맡아 정자와 난자를 생산하는데 결국 자웅동체로 암컷과 수컷이 같은 군체에 존재하므로 (일부 산호는 자웅이체입니다.) 본인 군체의 정자와 난자가 수정하는 것은 무성생식과 비슷하여 유전적 다양성 측면에서 효용성이 떨어집니다. 그래서 지금까지는 죽도록 싸워왔던 다른 군체의 산호나 멀리 떨어져 있는 유전적으로 다른 산호와 유전자를 교환하고자 합니다. 불화합성 자웅동주식물들도 이와 비슷한 성향을 가졌습니다. 넓은 바다에서 서로 정자와 난자들이 만날 확률을 높이기 위해 산호들은 한날 한시에 일제히 모든 산호가 정자와 난자를 산란하고 이들이 수면 위로 올라와 수정을 합니다.(이 날만은 처절한 산호들의 싸움터인 산호초에 평화가 이루지는 날입니다.) 이들이 유생이 되어 이동한 후 폴립이 되고 다시 산호가 되어갑니다. 그레이트 배리어 리프 ( Great Barrier Reef)   수많은 산호가 어울러져 살고 있는 호주의 그레이트 배리어 리프 (Great Barrier Reef) 는 빙하기 시대에 육지였던 곳으로 현재는 얕고 평평한 바다가 되어 산호의 집단 군락지로 최적의 조건을 갖춘 곳 중 하나 입니다. 다른 여타의 열대 바다의 산호들은 보통 여름 때에 보름달 뜨고 약 10일 후에 단체 산란을 하는데 그레이트 배리어 리프 산호들은 10~12월 어느 보름달이 뜨고 4~6일이 지난 어두운 밤에 알 수 없는 신호에 따라 140종 이상의 산호들이 일제히 산란을 합니다. 보통 산란이 있을 해의 봄에 해수의 온도가 높아 정자와 난자들이 잘 발육 되어야 하다는 조건이 붙기 하지만 앞서 말한 10~12월 어느 보름달이 뜨고 4~6일이 지난 같은 밤, 같은 시간에 수십 억 개의 산호 폴립에서 난자와 정자가 일제히 방출된다고 하네요. 이 때 산호의 정자와 난자가 수면 위에서 수정이 되기 때문에 그레이트 베이어 리프의 바다는 분홍색과 흰색이 어우러진 장관이 된다고 합니다. 우주에서 만리장성은 안보여도 그레이트 배리어 리프 산호들의 정자와 난자가 떠오르면서 수면에 펼쳐지는 드넓은 막은 보인다고 하네요. (1981년도에 첫 보고가 되었습니다.) 이들의 일부는 물고기들의 먹이가 되지만 수정된 수정란들은 작은 유생이 되어 바다 위를 떠 돌다가 새로운 곳에 자리를 잡고 폴립으로 변화되어 또다시 무성생식을 통해 군체를 형성한다고 합니다. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 2 이 게시판에 등록된 모모스님의 최근 게시물
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Warning: Use of undefined constant grant_delete - assumed 'grant_delete' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 577
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Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 429
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_formmail - assumed 'use_formmail' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 605
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 599
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 599
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 600
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 600
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 605
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 605
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 609
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 609
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 614
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 616
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 618
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 618
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 612
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 612
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 620
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 628
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 628
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 640
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 644
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/cmt_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 6
Warning: Use of undefined constant file_name - assumed 'file_name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 28
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 65
56071 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
56071 class='vcm '>
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 70
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 71
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 76
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 117
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 118
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 119
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 120
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 121
56071'> Ben사랑
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 142
16/10/10 18:55
56071>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
...정말 '잔인할 정도로' 진화론에 맞추어 번식하고 후손을 남기는군요. 그런 녀석들만이 도태되지 않았겠죠.
산호들은 어떤 식으로 신호를 보낼지 정말 신기하네요.
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
산호들은 어떤 식으로 신호를 보낼지 정말 신기하네요.
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
56071>
56071>
