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홍차넷
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티타임
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- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
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전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
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| Date |
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| Name | 바코드 |
| Subject | 지금은 상상도 못할 10가지의 희한한 야구 룰 |
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지금 글은 MLB에 올라와있는 다음 기사를 일부 번역하여 작성했습니다. http://m.mlb.com/cutfour/2015/05/22/124363454/10-bizarre-rules-from-baseballs-past 1. 타자는 높은 공 혹은 낮은 공을 요구할 권리가 있었다. 지금 스트라이크존은 대략 타자의 무릎 아래부터 어깨와 벨트의 중간점까지입니다. 하지만 처음 스트라이크존이라는 개념이 도입되었을 때는 매 타석에 앞서 타자는 스트라이크존을 설정할 권한을 가졌습니다. 다음은 MLB에 게재된 최초 스트라이크존의 정의입니다. "The batsman, on taking his position, must call for a 'high,' 'low,' or 'fair' pitch, and the umpire shall notify the pitcher to deliver the ball as required; such a call cannot be changed after the first pitch is delivered." "타자는 타석에 들어섰을 때 높거나, 낮거나, 중간 높이를 정해야 하고, 심판은 투수에게 공을 어디로 던져야 할지 알려줘야한다; 다만 첫 투구를 한 후에는 바꿀 수 없다." High - pitches over the plate between the batter's waist and shoulders Low - pitches over the plate between the batter's waist and at least one foot from the ground. Fair - pitches over the plate between the batter's shoulders and at least one foot from the ground. 높은공 - 타자의 엉덩이부터 어깨 사이 낮은공 - 타자의 엉덩이부터 그라운드로부터 1피트 위 중간공 - 타자의 어깨부터 그라운드로부터 1피트 위 해당 규정은 1876년에 만들어졌고(기사에서는 1867년부터 활용되었다고) 1887년 중간공만을 스트라이크존으로 인정하면서 사라지게 되었습니다. 2. 뜬공을 원바운드로 잡아도 아웃이었다. 초기의 야구는 당연하게도 글러브라는 개념이 없었습니다. 라이브볼 시대 이후의 공처럼 딱딱한 공은 아니었지만, 그래도 뜬공을 맨손으로 잡는 것은 상당한 위험이 뒤따를 수밖에 없었습니다. 그래서 1845년 조직된 최초의 야구 클럽 '니커보커 클럽(The Knickerbocker Club)'의 12번째 룰에는 '타구가 페어이거나 파울일 때 한 번의 바운드 후에 잡힌다면 타자는 아웃된다.'고 나와있습니다. 1864년에 해당 룰이 개정되었는데, 웃기는 점은 당시에 개정되어 현재처럼 된 것은 페어볼만이었고, 파울볼은 20년 후에나 개정되었다는 점입니다. 그러니까, 페어볼은 반드시 노바운드로 잡아야 아웃이었고 파울볼은 원바운드로 잡아도 아웃이었던 시대가 20년이나 되었던 거죠.(파울볼 개정 - 1883년) 3. 투수는 반드시 언더핸드로 던져야했다. 요즘 언더핸드 투수들은 특히 불펜에서 큰 인기를 얻고 있습니다. 왼손 파이어볼러만큼이나 지옥에 가서라도 데리고 와야 한다는 것이 정설이죠. 그런데 놀랍게도 1883년까지 투수는 반드시 언더핸드로 던져야만 했습니다. 이는 야구가 상당부분 크리켓의 룰을 따라왔기 때문입니다. 옛날 크리켓의 뻣뻣한 투구(stiff-armed, stiff-wristed pitch)를 빌려왔기(borrowed) 때문이죠. 덕분에 앞서 언급했던 니커보커 클럽에서 지정한 룰에 따르면... 현대 야구를 생각하면 해석이 웃깁니다. The ball must be pitched, not thrown, for the bat. 공은 배트에 맞게 투구해야 한다. 송구가 아니라. 그러니까 지금은 고급야구 중 하나인 맞춰잡는 플레이를 초기 야구에서는 강제로 해야했지요. 크리켓은 보통 맞춰잡는 플레이가 일반적이었기 때문입니다. 그러다가 1870년대 중반, 모두가 언더핸드로 던질 때 토미 본드는 최초로 오버핸드로 던지기 시작했습니다. 오버핸드의 구속와 특유의 낙차에 오버핸드가 정착하는 데 그리 많은 시간이 필요하지 않았습니다. 4. 배트의 한 쪽은 원래 평평했었다. 초창기 내셔널 리그는 투수 세상이었습니다.(투수 평균자책점 2.37) 그래서 신시내티 레드 스타킹즈(현 신시내티 레즈)의 창립자이자 야구의 아버지로 불리는 해리 라이트는 룰 개정을 건의하는데, 크리켓처럼 배트의 한 쪽을 평평하게 만들어 더 치기 쉽게 하자는 것이었습니다. 논의를 거쳐 1885년에 평평한 배트가 도입되었고, 1893년에 투구 거리가 멀어지면서(50피트 -> 60피트 6인치) 득점이 증가하기 시작했습니다. 다만 배트는 1893년에 다시 현재의 둥근 배트로 복구되었습니다. 5. 볼넷이 안타로 기록되던 적이 있었다. 1887년만큼은 우리나라의 타고투저따위는 개나 줘버릴 정도로 타자의 기록들이 환상적이었습니다. 무려 11명의 타자가 4할을 넘었던 시즌이었으니까요.(현재 마지막 4할타자는 1941년 .406을 기록한 테드 윌리엄스입니다.) 이 기록에는 한 가지 맹점이 있었는데, 타수로 기록되면 안되는 볼넷이 모두 안타로 기록되어 타율 상승의 큰 역할을 했기 때문입니다. 만약 볼넷이 현재처럼 안타로 인정되지 않았다면 11명 중 9명은 4할타자가 될 수 없었으니까요. (팁 오닐 .435, 피트 브라우닝 .402) 현재 기록은 1968년 특별야구기록위원회(Special Baseball Records Committee)에서 정정되었습니다. 재미있는 점은 여기서 첫 번째 3000안타 관련 이슈가 등장했습니다. 수정 전 4할 타자 11명 중 캡 앤슨은 기록 수정 이후에 60안타가 줄었습니다.(수정 전 .421 -> 수정 후 .347) 문제는 수정 후로 계산했을 때 타격왕이야 그렇다치더라도 첫번째 3000안타라는 기록까지 뺏기게 되었다는 점이죠. 결국 논란은 MLB사무국이 정리했는데, 당시 위원회가 빼앗은 첫 3000안타의 영예를 돌려주기로 했습니다.(2001년) 현재 캡 앤슨은 3400안타의 위엄을 보이며 명예의 전당에 헌액되어있는 상태입니다. 6. 관중이 심판을 보다. 심판은 정말 힘든 직업입니다. 구심은 공에 수시로 맞기도 하고, 가끔 심판의 오심으로 욕을 있는대로 먹을 때도 있습니다. 그런데 20세기 초까지만 해도 전문 심판이 아니라, 경기 전에 즉석으로 심판을 뽑았습니다. 그것도 관중 중에서요. 물론 개나소나 다 뽑히는 건 아니고, 지역의 유명인사 중에서 9이닝을 버틸 수 있는 강한 남성(...)을 뽑았습니다. 그리고 무려 포수 뒤에서 의자를 놓고 심판을 봤습니다. 현재의 전문심판제도는 1879년 내셔널 리그 회장이었던 윌리엄 헐버트가 20명의 전문심판을 두면서 사라졌습니다. 다음은 1916년 신문에서 묘사한 옛날 심판의 모습입니다. "The old time umpires were accorded the utmost courtesy by the players. They were given easy chairs, placed near the home plate, provided with fans on hot days and their absolute comfort was uppermost in the minds of the players. The umpire always received the choicest bits of food and the largest glass of beer." "옛날 심판들은 선수들에게 최고의 존중을 받았습니다. 편한 의자를 받았고, 홈플레이트 가까이에서 더운날엔 시원한 부채질을 받기도 했을 뿐만 아니라, 선수들은 심판들의 편안함이 가장 중요한 것이라고 생각했었다. 심판은 항상 먹거리를 골라먹을 수 있었고 가장 큰 맥주잔을 받았다." 7. 포수는 원래 홈플레이트 뒤에서 서 있었다. 요즘에야 포수들은 안전장비를 착용하고 들어서지만, 글러브도 없었던 옛날에는 공을 받는 것조차 쉽지 않았습니다. 요즘이야 '내야의 사령관'이라는 표현으로 포수를 받들지만 옛날에는 그저 공이 빠지는걸 막는 사람에 불과했습니다. 그래서 서 있었죠. 공이 어디로 날아갈지 모르니까요. 1870년 중반에 앉는 방식이 도입되긴 했지만, 20세기 초반까지 포수가 서는 것을 이상하게 생각하지 않았습니다. 참고)포수 마스크는 1877년 처음 도입되었고, 가슴 보호대는 1880년 중반, 미트는 1888년(!), 다리 보호대는 1890년에 도입되었습니다. 8. 스핏볼은 1920년에 폐지되었다 - 하지만 1934년까지 썼다. 스핏볼은 일반적으로 공에 침을 뱉어 마구로 만드는 행위를 말합니다. 공기저항이 불규칙해지면서 공이 이리저리 휘어가기 때문이었죠. 그런데 스핏볼에는 침 이외에도 여러가지 창의적인 물질들이 들어가곤 했습니다. 진흙, 구리스(그리스), 비누(!), 바셀린 등등... 공을 마구로 만들수만 있다면야 무슨 짓이든 다 했습니다. 1920년 사무국에 의해 전격적으로 스핏볼이 폐지되었습니다. 문제는 현역 스핏볼러들이었는데, 그래서 'A grandfather clause'라는 희한한 절충안이 등장했습니다. 기존의 스핏볼러들은 계속 던져도 된다는 것이 요지였지요. 지금은 명예의 전당에 헌액된 벌리 그라임스를 끝으로(1934년) 스핏볼러는 더이상 야구에서 합법적인 투수가 될 수 없었습니다. 9. 1920년까지 끝내기 홈런을 보기 힘들었다. 현재 끝내기 홈런은 주자가 어디에 얼마나 있더라도 전부 점수로 인정합니다. 하지만 1920년까지 주자가 있을 경우 끝내기 홈런을 치더라도 주자의 위치에 따라 안타, 2루타, 3루타만 인정했습니다. 주자가 홈플레이트를 밟는 순간 경기가 종료되었다고 본 것이죠. 당시 끝내기 홈런은 주자가 없을 때 쳐야만 홈런으로 인정했습니다. 10. 그라운드 룰 2루타는 1930년까지 홈런이었다. 1927년의 루 게릭과 베이브 루스의 홈런 경쟁에서 한 가지 흥미로운 루머가 등장했습니다. 루 게릭의 홈런 중 최소 하나 이상은 현재의 그라운드 룰 2루타여야 한다는 주장이었죠. 실제로 일리가 있는 것이, 초창기의 야구는 홈런을 정말 치기 어려웠습니다. 구장이 너무 넓었죠. 그래서 홈런의 개념이 정립되지 않았습니다. 문제는 몇몇 구장에서 펜스를 넘어가 공이 강에 빠졌을 때, 공을 주워오는 것이 너무 힘들었다는 점이었죠. 여기서 홈런이 처음 정립되었습니다.(1880년) 그리고 1930년 아메리칸 리그에서 처음으로 그라운드 룰 2루타가 정해졌고, 이듬해 내셔널 리그도 도입했습니다. 참고) 다만 선수의 머리를 맞고 넘어간 공은 홈런으로 인정합니다. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QixQMUu4CKI (1993년 호세 칸세코) ............................................... ------- 오역이 있을 수 있습니다. 지적 환영합니다. 옛날부터 쓴다고 마음먹었었는데, 이제야 씁니다. 다음에는 지금도 남아있는 야구의 희한한 룰을 가지고 오겠습니다. 감사합니다. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 7
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54293 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
54293 class='vcm '>
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54293'> Raute
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
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16/09/20 22:20
54293>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
스핏볼이야 지금도 하는 유서깊은 행위 아니겠습니까 ㅎㅎ
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54293>
54293>
