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홍차넷
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티타임
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- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
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전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
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| Date |
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 53 16/05/17 18:24:39 Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 56 |
| Name | 모모스 |
| Subject | 세상에서 가장 강력한 독 - 황금독화살개구리 |
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동물이 만들어낼 수 있는 세상에서 가장 강력한 독을 분비하는 황금독화살개구리 (Phyllobates terribilis)   중남미 정글에 사는 원주민들이 전통적으로 독화살이나 독침을 사용하여 사냥이나 전쟁을 했는데 이때 독화살의 재료로 사용되는 개구리들을 독화살개구리라고 부릅니다. 수많은 독화살개구리 중 가장 맹독성의 개구리가 콜롬비아 정글에 사는 황금독화살개구리 (Phyllobates terribilis) 입니다. 대략 저 개구리 한 마리에 있는 독이면 성인 100명 정도를 죽일 수 있다고 하네요. 콜롬비아의 초코족은 화살촉을 단지 황금독화살개구리피부에 몇 번 문지르기만하고 사용하는데 이 화살에 맞은 동물을 바로 즉사한다고 합니다. 황금독화살개구리 피부에서는 바트라코톡신 (Batrachotoxin, BTX) 이라는 맹독성 물질이 분비됩니다. BTX는 뱀의 독 (나중에 다뤄볼텐데 주로 신경마비과 출혈을 일으키는 단백질 혼합물들입니다.) 보다 더 강력하며 이 독에 노출되면 바로 즉사합니다. 동물이 낼 수 있는 가장 강력한 독으로 알려져 있습니다. BTX는 분자량 538의 small molecule 로서 구조특성상 steroidal alkaloids로 분류됩니다. BTX는 근육과 신경의 Sodium (Na+) Channel를 inactivation시키는데 이는 심장마비나 호흡곤란을 일으켜 사망에 이르게 됩니다. 작용도 신속해서 사람을 포함한 거의 대부분의 동물들이 BTX 에 노출되면 단 몇 초만에 죽는다고 하네요. 정말 무시무시한 독입니다..  아이러니하게도 황금독화살개구리는 체내에서 직접 BTX를 만들지 못합니다. 실제 실험실에서 키운 황금독화살개구리는 BTX를 분비하지 못한다고 하네요. 위에서 BTX가 steroidal alkaloids 라고 해서 눈치를 채셨겠지만 BTX는 중남미정글의 식물들이 자신을 보호하기 위해서 만들어낸 독성 Alkaloid 들로부터 유래합니다. "커피 이야기, 암살자 리신" 에서 언급한 것처럼 식물들이 자신을 보호하기 위해 다양한 독성물질을 만들어 냈고 이 물질에 내성을 가진 딱정벌레와 흰개미가 이들 식물을 먹고 오히려 독성물질을 몸안에 농축하여 독으로서 사용했습니다. 이는 역시 포식자들로부터 자신을 보호하기 위함입니다. 하지만 이번엔 이 독성물질에 내성이 있는 독화살개구리가 딱정벌레와 흰개미 잡아 먹으면서 오히려 또 그 독성물질을 자신의 몸에 농축하여 무기를 삼고 자신을 포식자로부터 보호하고 있었던 것입니다. 이런 자신감으로 독화살개구리들은 자신들이 다른 개구리들과 달리 독성이 강하다는 걸 포식자들에게 알리기 위해 일부로 화려한 색깔을 띤다고 하네요. 식물- 딱정벌레, 흰개미- 독화살개구리 단계로 오면서 독성Alkaloids들은 조금씩 변형되기도 하는데 최종적으로 독화살개구리는 BTX 형태로 농축하여 피부샘에 보관한다고 합니다. 피부로 분비되는 강력한 BTX의 독성 때문에 대부분 포식자들은 독화살개구리를 못본 체 무시합니다만 갈색대부리뱀 같은 일부 뱀은 역시 BTX에 내성이 있어 독화살개구리를 잡아 먹습니다. 뉴기니에는 BTX 독성에 내성이 있는 새들도 있다고 하네요. 돌연변이와 자연선택이 이루어지는 진화의 세계에서 독식이나 독점이란 없죠. 황금독화살개구리와 비슷한 딸기독화살개구리 일명 "코스타리카블루진" 이놈도 색깔이 강렬하죠.  Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 3
이 게시판에 등록된 모모스님의 최근 게시물
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40148 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
40148 class='vcm '>
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 70
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 71
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 76
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 117
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 118
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 119
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 120
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 121
40148'> 곧내려갈게요
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 142
16/05/17 19:54
40148>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
그럼 만지기만 해도 위험한건 아닌가요? 초코족 사람들은 어떻게 화살촉을 개구리 피부에 문지르나 싶어서....
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
40148>
40148>
