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홍차넷
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티타임
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- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
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전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
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| Date |
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| Name | 모모스 |
| Subject | 쌀, 보리, 밀 이야기 (자화수분-자웅동주식물) |
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대부분 식물들은 동물들과 마찬가지로 유전자의 다양성을 얻기 위해서 유성생식을 합니다. 일반적으로 아래와 같은 형태들입니다.   (a) 처럼 자웅이주식물 (Dioecious Plants) - 은행나무처럼 암나무와 수나무가 따로 자라기도 하고 (b), (c) 불화합성자웅동주식물 (Monoecious Plants, self- incompatibility) - 두가지 성이 한 식물에 존재하나 자화수분하지 않습니다. 수꽃이나 수술이 자신의 암꽃이나 암술과 수분하지 않고 다른 개체의 자웅동주식물과 교배하는 것이 일반적입니다. ( 때에 따라서는 자화수분도 합니다.) 식물들의 이런 특징 때문에 이꽃,저꽃 다니면서 수분을 시켜주는 벌들의 존재는 아주 중요합니다. 벌들의 멸종은 많은 식물들의 멸종을 가져올 수도 있습니다. 지난 번에 이야기하는 것처럼 유성 생식하는 생물들은 생식세포분열시 염색체끼리 접합 ( 미토콘드리아와 인류의 여정https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=2738) 을 하여 유전자재조합이 일어나므로 자웅이주, 불화합성자웅동주인 일반적인 식물들은 부모와 자손들이 서로 다른 특징의 식물로 자랄 확률이 높습니다. 우리가 먹는 수많은 농작물들은 인간에게 유리한 돌연변이를 선택하여 재배하고 있는데 식물은 위와 같이 유성생식을 하므로 그런 돌연변이 특징들은 다음 세대에서는 잃어버립니다. 이런 면에서 우리에게 중요한 식량이 되는 종자식물인 쌀, 보리, 밀 등 정말 특이한 식물들입니다. 1. 이들은 조상인 야생종자식물보다 종자의 크기도 크고 쓴맛도 적습니다. 보통 야생식물은 다년생식물이 많은데 이들은 1년생식물로 자원들을 잎, 줄기, 뿌리 등에 사용하기보다는 종자에 집중하여 야생식물에 비해 종자가 큰 편입니다. 2. 야생종자식물들은 자연재해 (가뭄이나 냉해가 오면 무조건 전멸하죠.) 에 대비해서 모두 동시에 발아하지 않고 몇 년 후 발아하는 것들이 섞여서 종자들을 생산하는데 우리가 먹는 종자식물은 다음 해도 심어서 생산을 해야하므로 무조건 동시 발아하는 돌연변이들입니다. 3. 보통 종자식물들은 종자가 다 자라면 꼬투리가 터지고 흩어져 땅에 떨어지는데 우리가 재배하는 종자식물은 다자라도 종자들이 줄기꼭대기에 매달려있는 특이한 돌연변이들입니다. 이런 특징은 자연 상태에서는 치명적인 약점이지만 인간에게는 간편하게 수확할 수 있게하는 장점이 됩니다. 4. 무엇보다도 야생종자식물은 불화합성자웅동주식물이지만 우리가 선택하여 식량으로 사용하는 종자식물들은 자화수분하는 자웅동주식물입니다. (b) 자연계에서는 아주 특별한 돌연변이죠. (이들도 가끔 타화수분하는데 이 때문에 새로운 품종의 종자식물이 나옵니다. 빵밀이 대표적입니다.) 인간이나 동물들과 비교해보면 이게 얼마나 특이한 경우인지 쉽게 이해할 수 있습니다. 만약 이들이 자웅이주나 불화합성자웅동주식물이었다면 위에 언급한 인간에게 유리한 돌연변이 특징들은 다음 세대에서 모두 잃어버렸을 겁니다. 아무튼 우리가 먹는 종자식물들은 계속 근친교배만 하므로 유전자의 다양성이 부족하여 병충해에도 약하고 자연재해에도 약해 쉽게 멸종하기 쉬운 종자들입니다. 그래서 열심히 잡초도 제거해주고 살충제도 뿌려주고 비료도 열심히 줘야 하는 나약한 애들이에요. 우리 선조들은 인간에게 유리한 형질을 가진 돌연변이 야생식물을 골라내고 이를 심어 다시 골라내는 작업을 반복해서 현재의 쌀, 보리,밀이 탄생했습니다. 일반적인 자연선택을 역행하고 인간에게 유리한 형질을 선택하여 작물화해 온거죠. 무엇보다도 인간에게 유리한 형질 그대로 유지시켜주는 자가수분-자웅동주식물형 돌연변이 식물인 쌀, 보리, 밀은 다른 식물들에 비해 인간에게 쉽게 정복되어 상대적으로 오래 전인 1만년 전부터 인간에 의해 재배되어 식량으로 이용되어 오고 있습니다. 작물화된 거의 첫번째 중요한 식물들이죠. 그런 면에서 무성생식하는 감자나 고구마는 쉽게 작물화되었습니다. 고구마나 감자는 씨앗을 심어서 재배하는 것이 아니라 고구마나 감자가 뿌리덩이줄기로서 그 자체를 심어서 수확하는 작물입니다. 동물들의 체세포복제와 비교해 볼 수 있습니다. 그런데 과일나무들은 거의 대부분 자웅이주식물이라서 (일부 포도나무는 자화수분-자웅동주식물인 돌연변이체가 선택되어 재배되기도 했습니다.) 아무리 좋은 과일을 얻더라도 거기서 나온 씨앗을 심어봐야 다른 과일이 나옵니다. 이런 이유로 우리가 먹는 많은 과일은 꺾꽂이와 접목법 또는 인위적인 타품종과의 타화수분 기술 등을 이용해서 재배된 것들입니다. 훨씬 어려운 기술이죠. 이 때문에 많은 과일들이 작물화되는데 위의 종자식물에 비해 많이 늦어졌습니다. 이런 기술에도 불구하고 끝까지 정복되지 않은 독한 식물들도 있습니다. 우리가 먹는 도토리는 그냥 야생에서 쓴맛이 나지 않는 도토리 나무를 찾아서 수확하는 방법 밖에 없습니다. 자라는데도 10년 이상 걸리고 수확량도 별로라서 작물화하려는 시도도 별 매리트도 없죠. 재레드 다이아몬드의 "총,균,쇠" 책에 나와있는 내용을 많이 참조하였습니다. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 5
이 게시판에 등록된 모모스님의 최근 게시물
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Warning: Use of undefined constant grant_delete - assumed 'grant_delete' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 577
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 429
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_formmail - assumed 'use_formmail' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 605
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 599
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 599
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 600
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 600
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 605
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 605
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 609
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 609
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 614
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 616
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 618
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 618
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 612
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 612
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 620
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 628
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 628
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 640
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 644
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/cmt_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 6
Warning: Use of undefined constant file_name - assumed 'file_name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 28
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 65
38933 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
38933 class='vcm '>
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 70
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 71
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 76
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 117
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 118
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 119
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 120
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 121
38933'> Darwin4078
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 142
16/05/06 11:34
38933>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
제가 항상 리플 달지는 않지만, 모모스님 글은 항상 지켜보고 있습니다.
좋은 글 많이 써주세요. 언제나 감사합니다.
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
좋은 글 많이 써주세요. 언제나 감사합니다.
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
38933>
38933>
