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홍차넷
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티타임
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- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
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전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
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| Date |
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| Name | 모모스 |
| Subject | 코카인과 코카콜라 |
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코카인, 암페타민 (필로폰류) , 니코틴, 카페인, 항우울제 등은 그 정도가 다르긴 하지만 신경흥분제 (Psychoactive stimulant) 들로서 중추신경계에 작용하여 사람의 기분을 좋게 만드는 물질들입니다. 역시 각각 그 정도가 다르지만 중독성도 있구요. 코카인 그 중 강력한 중독현상이 있는 마약인 코카인에 대해서 알아보겠습니다. 19세기후반 (1차유행) 과 1970~1980년대 (2차유행) 에 미국에서 대유행을 했던 강력한 중독현상이 나타나는 위험한 마약입니다.  코카인과 코카인대사체들의 구조  코카인은 주로 뇌에 존재하는 신경전달물질인 도파민 (dopamine) 매개로 하는 신경흥분제입니다. 위에 그림과 같이 신경말단에서 도파민의 재흡수를 막아 도파민 (미세하게 노르에피네프린도 재흡수 억제합니다.) 의 작용시간을 늘려 뇌신경들의 흥분상태를 유지시킵니다. (도파민과 비슷한 구조의 암페타민은 도파민과 같은 작용을 나타내서 신경흥분제로 작용합니다. 도파민의 부족은 ADHD-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, 파킨슨병 등과 관계가 있습니다.) 이에 교감신경은 흥분되고 부교감신경은 억제되어 혈관 수축, 혈압상승, 동공확장 등의 작용이 일어나 활력이 넘치게 되고 과감한 행동을 하게 됩니다. 대체로 기분이 좋아지고 자신감이 과도하게 증가하여 과격해지며 난폭 운전 등을 합니다. 과량 복용했을 경우 코카인 부작용으로 사망하기도 합니다. 장기 복용하면 도파민수용체의 감소 등으로 인해 환각과 심한 우울증이 발생하기도 하며 심하면 자살위험성도 높아집니다. 미국에서 1970~1980년대 대유행하여 지금까지도 많은 사람들이 중독되어있습니다. 영화 보면 흰색가루 코로 흡입하는 장면이 나오죠. 거의 대부분 코카인입니다. 더 무서운 마약인 헤로인과 혼합하여 스피드볼이라는 강력한 정맥주사 마약으로도 사용되고 흡연 형식으로 쉽게 흡입하는 크랙코카인도 있습니다. 실은 코카인은 아주 오랜 전통이 있는 물질입니다. 페루와 볼리비아의 안데스고산지대에서 자라는 코카나무의 잎인 코카잎을 씹는 것은 5000년 이상 된 이 지역의 전통으로 잉카시대엔 힘든 일을 하는 노동자에게 제공하기도 했다고 합니다. 지금도 페루 남성의 대부분이 이 코카잎을 씹는다고 하네요. 다만 코카잎을 씹어서 나오는 코카인 양이 얼마되지 않아서 중독성이 상대적으로 적다고 합니다. 실제 가난한 나라인 페루는 이 코카잎을 커피처럼 기호식품으로 인정받아 수출하려고 하는데 국제적으로 인정받기 쉽지 않을 것 같아요. 위에서 보듯이 코카잎을 원료로 코카인만 정제해서 투여하면 강력한 작용과 함께 강력한 중독현상이 일어나고 결국 부작용으로 생명을 잃어버립니다. 페루에서 재배된 코카잎이 콜롬비아에서 코카인으로 제조되고 멕시코 갱들에 의해 미국으로 밀수되어 많은 미국인들이 코카인에 중독되어있습니다. 무서운 마약이에요. 호기심이라도 절대 복용하는 것에 대해서는 관심 가지지 마세요. 19세기 후반에도 미국에서 1차 코카인이 유행했는데 이 때는 코카콜라 = 코카잎 + 콜라열매시럽 19세기 코카잎과 포도주 혼합물인 “Vin Mariani”가 미국에서 대유행했습니다. ( 코카인은 술과 함께 복용하면 더 효과가 오래가고 위험합니다.) 미국 애틀랜타의 약사 존 펨버튼 포도주 대신 아프리카산 콜라열매시럽 (2% 카페인함유) 과 코카잎 함유된 탄산음료를 선보였고 이게 그 유명한 코카콜라의 시제품입니다. 당시 이와 같은 코카잎 함유제품이 널리 유행했습니다. 그 전에 비슷한 내용의 글을 썼습니다. (콜라 이야기 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1057 ) 강한 중독성을 나타내는 코카인의 반대하는 목소리가 높아져 1903년 이후 코카콜라회사는 오리지널 코카잎 대신 코카잎에서 코카인을 제거한 코카인제거향미코카잎원액을 쓴다고 합니다. 코카잎의 향미가 남은 식물추출물인 코카인제거향미원액, 설탕, 카페인, 검은 색을 내기 위해 설탕을 태운 카라멜 등이 들어있는 탄산음료가 현재 우리가 먹고 있는 코카콜라입니다. 전세계 지사에 공급되는 코카콜라본사만의 비밀재료란게 바로 이 코카잎에서 코카인을 제거한 코카인제거향미원액을 말합니다. 이런 식물추출물을 사용하므로 코카콜라가 맛이 좀 씁니다. 코카콜라회사에서는 한때 코카콜라와 코카잎은 전혀 관계가 없다고 하고 제조법은 은행금고에 보관하고 그 비법을 볼 수 있는 사람은 소수라는 언론플레이를 한 적이 있습니다. 요즘 시대에 식품첨가물에 대한 비밀을 제조사만 알고 있을 수 있을까요? 감독 기구들이 가만히 있지 않죠. 아무튼 코카라는 이름이 들어감에도 불구하고 많은 대중들은 코카콜라에 코카잎이 들어가는지 잘 모릅니다. 80년대 코카잎에 유래한 코카인제거향미원액을 사용하지 않은 뉴코크를 주력으로 밀다가 판매량의 급감하여 다시 코카인제거향미원액이 들어가는 오리지날 코카콜라로 돌아와서 현재에 이릅니다. 뉴저지 메이우드에 Stepan Company 는 미국 정부의 허가 아래 페루에서 수백kg의 코카잎을 수입해서 코카인을 정제합니다. 코카잎에서 코카인을 분리하고 남은 코카인제거향미원액이 코카콜라회사에 판매되며 이는 위에 언급한 코카콜라의 중요한 원료가 됩니다. 분리된 코카인은 의료용으로 사용되는데 합법적인 사용은 리도카인과 같은 국소마취제로서 사용될 때 뿐이라네요. 혹시 몰라서 코카콜라에 대한 내용은 출처를 남깁니다. - Inciardi, J. A. (2002). The war on drugs III. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, p. 21. - Miller, M. W. (1994). Quality stuff: Firm is peddling cocaine, and deals are legit. Wall Street Journal, pp. 1~14. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 1 이 게시판에 등록된 모모스님의 최근 게시물
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Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 577
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 577
Warning: Use of undefined constant grant_delete - assumed 'grant_delete' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 577
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 425
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 429
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_formmail - assumed 'use_formmail' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 605
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 599
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 599
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 600
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 600
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 605
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 605
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 609
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 609
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 614
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 616
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 618
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 618
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 612
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 612
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 620
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 628
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 628
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 640
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 644
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/cmt_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 6
Warning: Use of undefined constant file_name - assumed 'file_name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 28
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 65
38766 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
38766 class='vcm '>
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 70
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 71
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 76
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 117
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 118
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 119
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 120
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 121
38766'> 라난
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 142
16/05/04 14:23
38766>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
그렇다면 팹시와 코카콜라는 정말로 맛 차이가 있는건가? 아니면 그냥 사람들의 편견으로 인한 착각인가 가끔씩 궁금할 때가 있습니다. 어렸을 땐 코카콜라에서 비밀을 유지하고 있다고 하면 정말 그렇구나 싶었는데 그건 절대 아닌거 같고 말이죠.
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
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Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
38766>
38766>
