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홍차넷
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티타임
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- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
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전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
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| Date |
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| Name | 모모스 |
| Subject | 소주 이야기 |
|
소주는 보통 다른 술의 원료가 되는 쌀, 보리, 포도, 밀 보다 훨씬 싼 고구마 ( 요즘은 동남아에서 싸게 공급되는 타피오카, 카사바 같은 다당류 뿌리줄기식물도 사용합니다. 고구마는 물론 이런 뿌리줄기식물을 직접 술로 발효시켜 만들면 풍미가 적고 별로 맛이 없어요.) 를 원료로 사용합니다. 고구마 같은 싼 원료의 다당류 탄수화물을 단당류로 분해시키고 다시 알콜로 발효시켜 증류해서 순수한 알콜 (이걸 보통 주정이라고 부릅니다.) 로 뽑아낸 다음 인공감미료 (아스파탐, 스테비오사이드, 사카린 등) 넣고 물을 탄 술이 소주입니다. 술의 풍미는 원재료에서 나오는데 소주는 아예 싼 다당류 탄수화물에서 알콜만 뽑아낸지라 아무런 풍미가 없습니다. 인공감미료를 첨가해서 중독성 있는 단맛만 첨가한 술입니다. 소주는 이런 제조방법으로 만들어져서 저급술이라고 놀림을 받기도 하죠. 억제성신경에 작용하는 알콜의 양이 주로 술의 취함 정도를 결정합니다. 하지만 전에 말씀드린 것처럼 식물들은 자신들만의 다양하고 복잡한 생합성 경로(식물들은 거대하고 복잡한 생화학공장입니다.) 를 통해 다양한 생리활성물질들을 대량으로 합성해내서 식물 내에 보관합니다. 따라서 쌀, 보리, 포도, 밀 등으로 부터 만들어진 술은 원재료에 따라 각각 다른 풍미를 나타내며 우리 몸에 다른 반응을 일으킵니다. 와인, 막걸리, 맥주, 양주 등은 알콜 말고도 원재료의 다양한 성분들이 들어있는만큼 풍미가 훌륭합니다. 또 일부 성분들은 생리활성을 나타내어 우리의 뇌에 색다른 자극을 주기도 합니다. 심지어 성적 흥분을 유발시키는 성분까지 함유한 술도 있습니다. 식물에 함유되어있는 다양한 생리활성물질 중에 이소플라보노이드가 대표적인데 일부 이소플라보노이드들이 숙취를 일으킨다고 알려져있습니다. 막걸리나 맥주는 도수가 낮은 만큼 취하려면 많은 양을 먹어야하니 숙취를 일으키는 물질도 많이 섭취하겠죠. 그러니 숙취가 더 심한 겁니다. 양주도 보통 포도와 밀 등을 단당류로 분해하고 발효를 시켜고 이를 농축시켜 만드므로 숙취를 일으킬 물질들이 많이 함유되어있으나 도수가 높으므로 적은 양만 먹어도 취하므로 숙취를 유발시키는 식물유래성 생리활성물질도 적게 섭취하므로 덜 숙취를 느낄 겁니다. 반면 소주는 다른 술에 비해 오로지 알콜만 함유되어있는 술이라 숙취도 상대적으로 적고 취하는게 목적이라면 가장 효율적인 술입니다. 소주<양주<맥주<막걸리 순으로 숙취가 많이 나오겠네요. 위에 나와있는 거처럼 술의 취함 정도는 알콜의 양에 비례하는데 알콜 (Ethanol) 은 우리 몸에 흡수되어 억제성 수용체인 GABA-A receptor (GABA 수용체는 전체 중추신경계 수용체의 40%을 차지할 정도로 아주 중요한 수용체입니다.) 에 작용하여 우리의 몸을 나른하게 만듭니다. 술을 너무 많이 먹으면 자율신경계까지 억제시켜서 사망에 이를 수도 있습니다. GABA-A receptor 근처에 Ethanol 분자 갯수가 많으면 GABA-A receptor 에 붙는 확률이 높아지고 이에 억제성 신경작용을 유발하고 술에 취하는 겁니다. 실제 수많은 receptor 근처마다 Ethanol 분자 갯수 셀 수 없으므로 이 분자 갯수는 혈액중에 Ethanol 양과 비례하므로 결국 혈중 알콜농도에 따라 술의 취한 정도를 알 수 있는겁니다. 그래서 우리가 음주정도를 혈중알콜농도로 평가하는거죠. 우리가 먹는 알콜 즉 ethanol은 오줌이나 분비물 등으로 배출되거나 간이나 각종 장기에서 대사를 받아 다른 물질로 변환되고 배출됩니다. 알콜은 좀 특별하게 2~3%정도 기화되어 호흡으로 나가는데 경찰들이 길거리에서 하는 음주측정은 이를 응용한 것입니다. 입으로 부는 측정기로 측정하여 기화되는 알콜양을 측정하고 역으로 환산해서 혈중농도를 유추합니다. 그래서 정확도가 떨어져요. 대충 스크리닝하는 수준이죠. 민감한 음주사건인 경우 정확한 혈중농도를 재기위해 채혈을 시도합니다. 알콜의 대사 경로를 좀 더 자세히 알아보면  Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) -1st대사(ADH) - Acetaldehyde(CH3CHO)-2nd대사(ALDH) - Acetic Acid 일반적인 대사 경로는 먼저 Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) 이 ADH (Alcohol dehydrogenase) 라는 효소에 의해 Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) 로 대사되고 ALDH (Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase) 라는 효소로 Acetic Acid로 변환된 다음 오줌으로 최종 배출됩니다. ADH 효소는 일반적으로 풍부한 반면 ALDH 가 선천적으로 부족한 사람이 있습니다. 이런 사람들은 Acetaldehyde 축적되고 이들이 keton계열로 변환되어 얼굴이 빨갛게 되고 너무 심한 경우 사망에 이르기도 합니다. 즉 술을 못 먹는 사람들은 ALDH가 선천적으로 부족한거죠. 알콜은 억제성신경에 작용하므로 혈중에 알콜이 너무 높은 농도로 오래 유지되면 매우 위험합니다. 우리 생명에 위협이 되니 가능한 빨리 혈액 중에서 알콜을 제거해야 합니다. 술을 너무 많이 먹어 술을 1차 대사하는 ADH (아무리 풍부하다고 하지만 너무 많이 먹으면) 가 포화현상이 일어나 혈중 알콜농도가 높은 수준으로 올라갈 수 있습니다. 이런 위험한 현상이 자주 반복되면 즉 술을 자주 먹으면 우리 몸은 적응을 하기 시작하고 이에 새로운 대사 시스템이 가동합니다. 술을 자주 먹는 사람들은 특히 간세포의 microsome에서 Cytochrome P450 2E1 ( CYP2E1) 라는 대사 시스템이 활성화되어 Ethanol을 Acetaldehyde로 대사시키는데 도와줍니다. 주량이 점점 늘어날수록 CYP2E1 점점 더 활성화되고 알콜을 대사시키는 비율이 ADH 보다 점점 높아집니다. 술이 세진다고 하는 사람은 바로 이 시스템이 점점 더 활성화되기 때문입니다. CYP2E1은 ADH에 비해 대사효율이 떨어져서 가져다 쓰는 자원도 많고 에너지 소실도 크며 우리 몸에 다른 물질을 대사해야 하는 시스템을 가져다 쓰는 거라 우리 몸에 무리를 주며 너무 많이 활성화되면 간자체에 무리를 주게 됩니다. 소주는 다른 주류와 마찬가지로 세금이 많이 붙는 편입니다. 부가세, 주세, 교육세 등 각종 세금이 붙고 주정자체에도 세금이 붙어서 소주 한 병을 마트에서 1000원 주고 구입했다고 하면 제조사 원가 100원, 세금 500원, 나머지 제조사와 판매처의 이윤으로 돌아간다고 합니다. 맥주와 양주도 소주와 같은 비율의 세금 (소매가의 약 50%) 이 붙습니다. 반면 막걸리는 전통주라 하여 특혜를 받아 5%주세만 냅니다. 막걸리 한병에 1000원, 소주 한병에 1000원이라 한다면 각 1병당 세금이 막걸리에는 50원, 소주에는 500원 정도 됩니다. 이를 유추해보면 같은 값이라도 1병당 들어가는 원재료 원가는 막걸리가 소주에 비해 탁월하게 비쌉니다. 음주에 대한 수학적이고 과학적인 접근 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=2617 판피린 3형제 이야기 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=2605 게보린 3형제 이야기 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=2596 이부프로펜, Cyclooxygenase, 아스피린 이야기 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=2592 적록색맹과 Vitamin C 이야기 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=2566 보쌈, 면사포, 결혼반지 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=2187 육두구 이야기 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=2163 각국의 의료보험 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=2145 오줌병 이야기 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1519 지헬슈니트 (낫질) 작전 - 1940년 독일-프랑스 전투 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1461 지구의 온난화와 빙하기 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1354 설사병 이야기 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1322 토마토는 과일인가? 채소인가? https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1310 쓰레기 유전자 ( Noncoding DNA ) 와 유전자 감식 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1297 생명체의 과밀화 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1269 X 염색체 - 인간의 기본형은 여성? https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1259 각인 - 애들은 엄마, 아빠 누구 머리를 닮나? https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1252 정자왕 침팬지 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1243 이스터섬 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1234 불멸의 세포 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1215 히스파니올라섬 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1200 천연두 바이러스 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1191 기생충 이야기 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1183 기생충에 대한 또다른 인간의 방어법 IgE https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1175 가축화된 포유류는 어떤게 있나? https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1161 섹스의 진화 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1147 외계로부터의 생명 전달 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1097 항생제 이야기 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1091 소주 이야기 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1075 콜라 이야기 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1057 커피 이야기 - Caffeine https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1051 보스턴차사건 (Boston Tea Party) - 보스턴홍차사건 https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1034 유전자조작식물 (GMO) https://new.redtea.kr/?b=3&n=1024 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 2 이 게시판에 등록된 모모스님의 최근 게시물
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15860 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
15860 class='vcm '>
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15860'> 눈부심
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15/09/23 12:28
15860>삭제 주소복사
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아하 막걸리나 맥주같은 알콜농도가 낮은 술을 마시면 왜 숙취가 더 심한 지 이제 알겠어요. 재밌네요.
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15860>
15860>
