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홍차넷
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Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 269
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 300
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 16
추천
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Warning: Use of undefined constant header - assumed 'header' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 31
- 회원들이 추천해주신 좋은 글들을 따로 모아놓는 공간입니다.
- 추천글은 매주 자문단의 투표로 선정됩니다.
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Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/include/print_category.php on line 9
전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌게임문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제체육/스포츠과학철학/종교정치/사회요리/음식역사여행IT/컴퓨터음악창작사진
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| Date |
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 53 20/03/11 13:54:23 Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 56 수정됨 |
| Name | Zel |
| Link #1 | https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2003762?query=featured_home |
| Subject | 빌게이츠의 코로나 바이러스에 대한 NEJM 기고문 (시론) |
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https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2003762?query=featured_home 이 기고문은 2월 28일 올라왔는데 다른 언론이나 매체에서 잘 다루지 않은거 같아 제가 잠시 짬이 나서 발번역을 해볼까 합니다. 이미 기고된 지 2주에 가깝고, 현재 선진국에도 불이 났다는 점에서 벌써 옛날 이야기 같지만 기존 언론들이 간과한 부분들, 그리고 간과하고 싶은 부분을 말미에 지적해서 풀로 번역합니다. NEJM은 New England Journal of Medicine이라는 IF 70이 넘는 세계최고 의학잡지입니다. ----------------------------------------- "In any crisis, leaders have two equally important responsibilities: solve the immediate problem and keep it from happening again." 어떤 위기에서나, 리더는 두 개의 똑같이 중요한 책무가 있습니다. 현재의 문제를 해결하고, 그것이 다시 생기지 않게 하는 것입니다. 코비드-19가 그렇습니다. 우리는 생명을 구하면서도 질병확산에 대한 대응을 개선시켜야 합니다. 전자가 더 큰 압박으로 다가오고 있으나 , 후자는 긴 시간을 요합니다. 질병에 대처하는 능력을 향상시키기 위한 장기간의 노력은 새로운 것이 아닙니다. 세계보건전문가들은 수 년 전 부터 새로운 범유행 전염병이 발생할 것을 예측해 왔으며, 1918년 스페인 독감과 같은 심각한 전염병이 재발하는 것은 시간 문제였다고 말하고 있습니다. 빌/메린다 게이츠 재단은 최근 여러해 동안 세계각국이 이런 시나리오를 준비하는데 도움을 주고 있습니다. 지금 저희는 위기에 당면하고 있습니다. 지난 몇 주 동안 코비드-19는 우리가 걱정했던 한세기에 한 번 있을 법한 패턴으로 나타났습니다. 저는 그렇게 까지 치명적인 전염병이 되지 않기를 바라지만, 저희가 이 바이러스에 대해서 더 잘 알 때 까지는 그럴 거라고 간주해야 합니다. 코비드-19가 그런 위협이 되는 데에는 두 가지 이유가 있습니다. 첫번째로는, 이 바이러스는 기저질환이 있는 노인 뿐 아니라 건강한 성인도 사망에 이르게 할 수 있습니다. 현재까지의 치사율은 1% 정도로 알려져 있으나, 이는 일반적인 계절독감보다는 수 배-수십 배의 치사율이고, 1957년의 독감 대유행 (0.6%) 과 스페인 독감 (2%)의 사이에 해당하는 치사율입니다. 두번째로는, 코비드-19는 상당히 효과적으로 전파된다는 점입니다. 평균 한 감염자가 2명 내지 세 명의 환자를 감염시켜 지수적으로 환자의 수가 증가합니다. 또한, 환자의 증상이 거의 없거나 무증상의 경우에도 전파된다는 강한 증거들이 나오고 있습니다. 이 말은, 코비드-19는 메르스나 사스처럼 국소화 시키기에 훨씬 더 어려운 질환이고, 이미 (2월 28일 당시) 사스 보다 10배 이상의 감염자를 동일 기간에 발생시켰습니다. 국가, 주, 그리고 지방정부와 공공보건기관등은 앞으로 몇 주간 바이러스의 전파를 줄이기 위한 준비를 하여야 합니다. 예를 들면, 그들 시민들의 도움을 돕는 것 뿐 아니라, 부유한 국가들은 저개발 및 개발도상국에 대해서 이 범유행에 대해서 대비할 수 있게 도와야 합니다. 많은 저개발국가의 의료체계는 이미 매우 부실한 상태이며, 코로나 바이러스 같은 감염원은 그들을 쉽게 파괴할 수 있습니다. 선진국들은 당연하게도 자국민들을 먼저 고려할 것이므로, 가난한 나라일 수록 더더욱 정치적 그리고 경제적 지렛대 (돌파구)가 없습니다. 아프리카와 동남아시아 국가들을 준비하게 도움으로써, 우리는 많은 생명을 구할 수 있고, 세계적인 바이러스의 전파를 막을 수 있습니다. 멜린다와 저는 약 1억불에 해당하는 저개발국가 대상의 코비드-19 준비를 위한 국제적 킥스타트에 상당 부분을 이미 기여하였습니다. 세계는 코비드-19에 대한 치료와 백신개발을 서두를 필요가 있습니다. 과학자들은 바이러스의 게놈을 분석하였고, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations는 유망한 8개의 백신 후보를 개발하고 임상시험에 들어갔습니다. 만약 이들 후보 중 일부의 안정성과 효율성이 동물에서 증명되면, 6월 쯤이면 보다 큰 임상시험에 들어갈 수 있을겁니다. 항 바이러스제의 개발은 안정성이 검증된 화합물을 조합하고, 기계학습 등의 새로운 스크리닝기법등을 적용함으로써 몇 주 내에 대규모 임상시험이 준비 될 것입니다. 모든 이런 단계는 현재의 위기를 헤쳐 나가는 데에 도움이 될 것이나, 우리는 더 큰 체계적 변화를 준비해야, 미래의 새로운 전염병에 더 효율적이고 효과적으로 대응할 수 있습니다. 저개발국가의 의료시스템을 강화시키는것은 필수적입니다. 의료기관을 만드는 것은, 전염병과 싸우는 하부구조를 만드는 것과 같습니다. 숙련된 의료전문가들은 백신을 공급할 뿐 아니라, 질병의 패턴을 관찰하고, 잠재적 질병발생이 나타나기 전에 조기경보를 할 수 있습니다. 우리는 또한, 질병 예보 시스템에 대한 투자를 해야합니다. 즉각적으로 접근 가능한 데이터베이스를 구축하고, 정보를 공유하는 원칙을 만들어야 합니다. 정부들은 훈련된 전문가들의 리스트를 지역적 리더 부터 국제적 전문가에 이르기 까지 정리하여야 하고, 비상시기에 대비해서 물자들의 비축과 공급에 대해서도 준비되어야 합니다. 추가하여, 새로운 바이러스에 대해, 안전하고 효율적인 백신과 항바이러스제제를 개발할 수 있는 시스템이 필요하고, 그들을 승인하고, 몇 달 안에 수십억개의 분량을 투여할 수 있는 능력을 키워야 합니다. 이건 매우 힘든 도전이고, 현재의 기술적, 외교적 그리고 예산의 문제가 있고, 공공과 민간 섹터의 협조를 요구하는 어려운 작업입니다. 그러나 이와 같은 장애물들은 극복될 수 있습니다. 백신개발의 주된 기술적인 도전은, 단백질을 통해 백신을 개발하는 고전적 방식을 개선시키는 것입니다. 이는 급속도로 번지는 전염병에는 너무 느립니다. 보다 예측가능한 안정성이 있는 플랫폼을 개발해서 빠른 승인 절차가 이뤄저야 하며, 제조회사들이 저가에 대량생산이 가능하도록 해야 합니다. 항바이러스제제에 대해서는 우리는 기존 치료법을 검색하고, 후보가 되는 물질들을 빠르고 표준적인 방식으로 찾는 구조적 시스템이 중요합니다. 또 다른 기술적인 도전은 핵산기반 항바이러스 제제들입니다. 이들은 바이러스의 게놈이 분석되자마자 수시간안에 개발될 수 있고, 우리는 이들을 대량생산하는 방법을 찾아야 합니다. 이런 기술적인 해결 외에도, 우리는 국제적 협력과 정보공유를 이끄는 외교적 노력이 필요합니다. 신약을 개발하는것은 막대한 다국적 임상시험과 라이센싱 협약이 따릅니다. 이런 연구적 우선순위에 대한 컨센서스를 이루고, 시험규약을 잘 만드는 국제적 포럼을 만들어야, 유망한 백신과 치료제들이 빠른 절차를 받을 수 있습니다. 이런 플랫폼은 WHO R&D Blueprint, the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium trial network, and the Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness 등을 포함합니다. 이 작업의 목표는 환자의 안전을 해치지 않으면서 임상시험의 결론과, 심의 종료를 석달 이내 끝을 내는 것입니다. 자, 이제 자금의 문제가 남습니다. 이와 같은 노력을 위한 예산은 여러 번 증액되어 왔습니다만, 임상3상과 신약승인을 마치기 위해서는 수십억달러가 더 필요하고, 여전히 질환 감시 및 대응쳬계를 구축하기 위해서는 더 많은 펀딩이 필요합니다. 이 펀딩은 매우 높은 위험도의 투자이기 때문에 정부의 투자가 필요합니다. 공적 투자릍 통한 리스크 최소화가 있어야 민간 회사들이 전력을 다할 수 있습니다. 또한, 정부와 다른 투자자들은 백신제조시설에 대해서도 투자하여야 합니다. 이들 시설들을 통해 평소에도 정기접종 프로그램을 만들 수 있고, 판데믹에 대비할 수 있습니다. 정부들은 이를 조달하고 배분하는 공급망에도 투자하여야 합니다. 수십억달러의 대판데믹 자금은 참 많은 돈입니다. 그러나 이 정도 투자는 문제를 해결하는 데 반드시 필요한 규모입니다. 그리고 현재 코비드가 끼치는 공급체계와 주식시장에 대한 교란으로 인한 경제적 손실을 생각해 본다면, 이 정도면 싸게 막는 겁니다 (It will be a bargain). 마지막으로, 정부들과 산업계는 상호협약을 맺을 필요가 있습니다. 판데믹 기간 중에 개발된 백신과 항바이러스제제는 단순하게 가장 비싸게 부르는 사람에게 팔려서는 안됩니다. 백신과 신약을 가장 필요로 하는 대유행의 한 가운데에 있는 사람들에게 즉각적으로 사용가능하고, 이들이 구매가능해야 합니다. 이와 같은 저가 공급은 이게 정의로운 길일 뿐만 아니라, 유행의 기간을 단축시키고 미래의 판데믹을 막는 가장 효과적인 전략이기 때문입니다. 지도자들이 취해야할 행동이 많습니다. 허비할 시간은 없습니다. These are the actions that leaders should be taking now. There is no time to waste. ---------------------- 왜 미국 대통령이 트럼프인 지 모르겠습니다... * Cascade님에 의해서 티타임 게시판으로부터 게시물 복사되었습니다 (2020-03-24 21:57) * 관리사유 : 추천게시판으로 복사합니다. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 13
이 게시판에 등록된 Zel님의 최근 게시물
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Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 117
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 118
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 119
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 120
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 121
19868'> moqq
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 142
20/03/11 13:56
19868>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
빌게이츠 출마하셔야 할 듯.. 요새 미국 부자들 트렌드아닌가요? 트럼프 블룸버그 ㅎㅎ
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
19868>
19868>
