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홍차넷
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Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
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추천
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- 회원들이 추천해주신 좋은 글들을 따로 모아놓는 공간입니다.
- 추천글은 매주 자문단의 투표로 선정됩니다.
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전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌게임문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제체육/스포츠과학철학/종교정치/사회요리/음식역사여행IT/컴퓨터음악창작사진
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| Date |
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| Name | 기아트윈스 |
| Subject | 무굴제국의 기원 |
|
제가요, 바빠지면 홍차넷에 글을 씁니다. 안바쁠 때는 안쓰다가 오히려 바빠지면 도피처로 홍차넷을.....'ㅅ' 여튼 무지 바쁜 기념으로 하나 잽싸게 싸지르고 갈께용. ----------- 여러사람이 공유하는 기억을 집단기억(Collective memory)이라고 불러요. 이건 다수에게, 단시간에, 강한 충격을 줘야 생성되는 물건인데 그런 기회가 흔치 않아서 만들기가 어려워요. 한국인에겐 2002년 월드컵 거리응원이라든지, 6월 항쟁 등이 여기에 해당해요. 대신에 집단기억은 한 번 생성되고나면 적절한 관리를 받는다는 전제 하에 (기념행사, 영화화 등) 오랬동안 지속하면서 스스로를 재생산해냅니다. 그래서 정작 6월항쟁을 겪어보지 못한 사람들도 6월정신 운운할 수 있게 되는 거지요. 대규모 집단이 같은 기억을 공유하면 자연히 그런 공유집단 전체를 하나의 단위로 상상하게 돼요. 우리는 모두 6월의 후예라든지, 우리는 모두 한국인이라든지, 우리는 모두 안동김씨라든지 등등. 따라서 집단기억은 본질적으로 정치적 속성을 가집니다. 지중해세계에서 그 규모와 여파가 가장 큰 축에 속하는 집단기억으로 로마제국의 등장을 꼽을 수 있고, 동아시아에서는 주(周)의 건국을 들 수 있습니다. 서구놈들은 로마제국과 거의 아무런 상관이 없는 미쿡이나 롯씨아까지도 자기들 인장에 독수리를 넣지요. 그러면 뭔가 로마로마하고 제국제국해서 멋있어보이니까요. 동아시아 각국의 지도자들은 (20세기 전까지) 조석으로 주나라 꿈을 꾸며 살았구요. 고종황제가 광무개혁인가 뭔가 하면서 주나라처럼 되자고 했다는 건 유명한 이야기예요. 중앙아시아에도 그런 존재가 하나 있으니 바로 몽골제국입니다. 몽골의 세계정복은 넘나 유래없는 것인지라 초원, 중원, 사막을 막론하고 제민족에게 거대한 인상을 심어주었어요. 그래서 몽골제국이 사실상 망한 뒤에도 이놈저놈 뛰쳐나와 '내가 대칸이다. 내가 몽골의 후예다'라며 설치고 다녔지요.  티무르(Timur)가 세운 티무르제국도 그 중 하나였습니다. 티무르는 지금의 중앙아시아(대략 이란-키르기즈스탄-우즈베키스탄-타지키스탄-아프가니스탄 등지)께에 위치했던 차가타이 칸국의 한 부족원이었어요. 차가타이 칸국은 칭기즈칸의 차남이 세운 나라였지요. 그니까, 혈통상 몽골족인 셈. 티무르라는 이름부터가 칭기스칸의 이름 테무친의 '테무'에서 따온 거예요. 몽골어로 '철鐵'이라는 뜻이래요. 티무르는 사고로 절름발이가 되었고, 그래서 별명이 '티무리 랑(Tīmūr-i Lang, 페르시아어로 절름발이 티무르)'라고 불렀는데, 이게 유럽으로 흘러들어가서 태멀레인(Tamerlane)이 되었어요. 이 말은 지금도 영어사전에 '절름발이', 혹은 '절름발이 티무르'라는 뜻으로 등재되어있답니다. 티무르는 스스로는 '칸'을 칭하지 못했어요. 왜냐하면 몽골제국의 관습상 칭기즈칸의 직계후예가 아니면 칸이 될 수 없었기 때문이에요. 대제국을 세우고도 대칸이 못되다니... 이게 큰 컴플렉스였던 티무르는 결국 어찌어찌 직계후예 여성을 하나 구해서 결혼함으로써 소원성취합니다 ㅎㅎ. 이 티무르의 직계 5대손 중에 '바부르'라는 친구가 있었어요. 15세기경 사람인데, 이 양반이 어쩌다 아프가니스탄의 카불을 점령하고 왕국을 세웠어요. 원래 목표는 거기를 근거로 사마르칸트로 진군하는 거였는데 일이 잘 안되서 남쪽으로 방향을 틀어서 델리를 점령한 게 무굴제국의 시작이 됩니다. 바부르, 그리고 '사실상'의 개국황제인 그의 아들 후마윤은 모두 자신들이 대칸의 후예, 차가타이 칸국의 후손임을 무척 자랑스러워했어요. 그래서 마치 동로마 서로마 신성로마 1857년에 영국에게 점령당할 때까지 무굴제국은 유럽친구들의 안정적인 무역상대였어요. 많은 유럽 상인과 사절단이 무굴제국의 황제를 이런저런 이유로 알현하러 갔었고, 갈 때마다 그 리얼 부(富)를 보고 압도당했대요. 그러다보니 유럽사람들은 자기네들 중에 떼부자가 나오면 '와 니 마 이래 성공했나? 윽수로 부자데이! 완죤 무굴아이가.' 이라고 하기 시작했고, 이게 영단어 Mogul (업계의 거물)의 기원이 되었다는 슬픈 이야기. 빌 게이츠, 제프 베조스도 다 업계의 '몽골'이라는군요 ㅎㅎ. 미국엔 몽골이 너무 많아. * 수박이두통에게보린님에 의해서 티타임 게시판으로부터 게시물 복사되었습니다 (2018-01-15 09:21) * 관리사유 : 추천 게시판으로 복사합니다. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 24
이 게시판에 등록된 기아트윈스님의 최근 게시물
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Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 185
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_comment - assumed 'use_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 540
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 542
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 543
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 545
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 576
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 577
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 577
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 577
Warning: Use of undefined constant grant_delete - assumed 'grant_delete' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 577
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 429
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_formmail - assumed 'use_formmail' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 605
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 599
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 599
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 600
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 600
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 605
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 605
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 609
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 609
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 614
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 616
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 618
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 618
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 612
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 612
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 620
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 628
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 628
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 640
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 644
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/cmt_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 6
Warning: Use of undefined constant file_name - assumed 'file_name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 28
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 65
13134 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
13134 class='vcm '>
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 70
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 71
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 76
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 117
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 118
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 119
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 120
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 121
13134'> 커피최고
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 142
18/01/06 03:14
13134>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
오 ㅋㅋ 꿀잼이네요
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
13134>
13134>
