Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 278
홍차넷
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 269
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 300
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 16
추천
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 21
Warning: Use of undefined constant header - assumed 'header' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 31
- 회원들이 추천해주신 좋은 글들을 따로 모아놓는 공간입니다.
- 추천글은 매주 자문단의 투표로 선정됩니다.
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_formmail - assumed 'use_formmail' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 519
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/include/print_category.php on line 9
전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌게임문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제체육/스포츠과학철학/종교정치/사회요리/음식역사여행IT/컴퓨터음악창작사진
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 29
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 41
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 398
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 2
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/memo_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 10
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 40
| Date |
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 53 16/11/27 23:00:01 Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 56 |
| Name | 기아트윈스 |
| Subject | 몽골제국은 왜 헝가리에서 후퇴했을까 |
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많은 역덕들의 가슴을 설레게하는 떡밥 중의 하나가 바로 1242년, 몽골군의 헝가리 후퇴예요. 신나게 다 깨부수면서 서진을 계속하던 무적의 군대가 헝가리 인근에서 어물어물하다가 한 1년 만에 후퇴해버렸는데, 대체 왜 그랬는지 이유가 불분명하거든요. 역대로 많은 가설들이 제기되었는데 무엇하나 속시원하게 몽골군의 후퇴를 설명해준 건 없었어요. 가장 유력한 가설로는 1241년 12월 오고데이 칸의 사망 이후 벌어진 정치적 위기를 해결하고자 (혹은 스스로 칸이 되고자) 사령관 바투가 후퇴를 결정했을 거라는 거예요. 바투는 칭기즈칸의 장자인 주치의 둘째 아들인데, 첫째 아들이 병약했으므로 사실상 칭기즈칸의 장손이나 다름없었지요. 따라서 계승권 문제가 벌어졌을 때 바투가 제국의 수도 카라코룸으로 급히 돌아갈 이유는 충분했다는 거예요. 이 가설의 문제는... 바투가 실제론 카라코룸에 돌아가지 않았다는 데 있어요. 그냥 헝가리에서 후퇴하더니 러시아 언저리에서 자리잡고 킵챠크 칸국을 일궈버렸지요. 다른 가설에 따르면 몽골군이 애초에 헝가리 땅에 욕심이 없었다고해요. 단지 자기들을 배신한 어떤 유목민 부족을 응징하려고 했는데 얘들이 헝가리로 도망가서 보호받고 있었거든요. 그런데 1241년에 이미 헝가리 동부를 쳐부수고 점령한 이상 이미 필요한 응징은 다 했으니 돌아간거라는 말이지요. 하지만, 아무리 조조가 유비 잡으려고 손권 땅에 쳐들어갔다해도 적당히 공격하다가 "유비를 충분히 혼내줬으니 돌아가자"라고 할까요? 그래서 몇 가지 문헌적 증거가 있지만 이 가설도 나가리예요. 또 다른 가설은 몽골군이 겪었을 군사적 어려움에 주목해요. 초원에서 싸울 때와는 달리 유럽식 성벽과 요새를 돌파하는 건 기병 위주의 몽골군에게 어려운 미션이었을거라는 거지요. 아주 틀린 말은 아니지만 역시 충분하지 못해요. 왜냐면, 똑같이 성벽과 요새로 무장한 헝가리 동반부는 이미 1241년에 시원하게 박살난걸요 'ㅅ'; 그 외에도 몽골군은 이미 공성병기 활용에 도가 튼 상태이기도 했구요. 또 또 다른 가설은 하느님이 보우하사 이교도로부터 서방세계를 지켜주... 이건 패스. 헝가리인의 타고난 호국상무임전무퇴의 정신으로, 사즉생 생즉사의 각오로 조국과 민족의 무궁한 영광을 위해 싸운 결과... 이것도 패스. 유목민족사에 있어 세계적 전문가 중 하나인 니콜라 디 코스모(Nicola Di Cosmo) 교수는 이 문제를 풀 수 있는 중요한 힌트가 [환경]에 있을지도 모른다고 생각했어요. 몽골군은 거의다 기병이고, 추측컨대 헝가리에 진입한 군대의 규모는 병력 13만, 말은 최대 50만두에 이를 거라고 해요. 그렇다면 말 먹이는 문제, 말이 원활히 이동하는 문제가 해결이 안되어서 후퇴했을지도 모른다는 생각을 한 거예요. 그래서 이 연구를 진행하기 위해 펀딩을 알아봤으나 이렇게 마이너한 필드에 돈을 팍팍 줄 재단은 없었어요. 없으면? 남의 밥에 숟가락을 얹어야지요 ㅋ 디 코스모 교수에 따르면 기후학(Climatology)은 요즘 가장 펀딩이 잘 되는, 돈이 펑펑 몰리는 분야래요. 장기 기후변화가 존재함을 증명하려는 측, 존재하지 않음을 증명하려는 측이 모두 돈을 많이 쏟아붓는 중이라 어지간해선 펀딩 걱정이 없대요. 그래서 기후변화관련 팀 하나랑 협업을 제안해서 성사시켰나봐요. 그 결과 나온 논문이 http://www.nature.com/articles/srep25606 요고예요. 이제 대충 이걸 요약해볼께요.  돈을 부어서 재구성한 당시 유럽지역 기온변화표예요. 빨간 별이 헝가리 지역이구요. 약 4 년간 평균이상의 온난한 기후였는데 하필 1242년에 뙇 추워져버렸어요. 이 지역에 관해 남아있는 기록 중에 1241년 겨울이 좀 추운데다 눈이 많이 왔다고 기록한 문헌이 있는데 그 것과 일치하는 결과래요. 그렇다면 하필 1241년 겨울에 몽골군이 헝가리 서부로 진공했는지 이해할 수 있대요. 이 지역은 다뉴브강이 복잡한 수계를 이루고있어서 기병이 통과하기 쉬운 지역이 아닌데 이 정도로 기온이 낮았으면 필시 기병이 건널 만큼 수계가 다 얼어붙었을 거래요. 야호 진군이다.  그런데 문제가 하나 있었어요. 이 해는 그냥 추웠을 뿐 아니라, 엄청 습한 해기도 했어요. 녹색이 습한 날씨, 갈색이 건조한 날씨를 나타내요. 1242년은 예년과 다르게 몹시 습한 해인 게 보이시나요? 강설량이 높았다는 기록의 신빙성을 더해주지요. 추운 겨울에 눈이 잔뜩 왔다가 봄이 오면서 죄다 녹았을 거라고 해석할 수 있어요. 그런데 이 지역이 배수가 무척 안되는 지역이래요. 한 150년 전인가 200년 전인가 오스트리아의 지배하에 치수공사가 제대로 시행되기 전까진 뻑하면 강물이 범람했고, 비나 눈이 많이 오기라도하면 물이 안빠져서 곳곳에 웅덩이와 늪지가 생겼대요. 위의 자료에 따르면 1242년 봄 역시 그랬을 가능성이 높구요. 헝가리 평원 전체가 진흙탕이 된 상태. 풀이 자라야할 땅이 다 질척질척해져서 봄이 왔는데 풀이 제대로 안자라는 상태. 그래서 50만두에 이르는 말들이 끼니도 못챙겨서 비실비실한데다 여기저기가 진창인 덕분에 기동성조차 많이 떨어진 상태가 된 거지요. 이때 상황을 악화시켰던 몇 가지 요인이 더 있었는데 1. 몽골군은 헝가리의 봄이 이럴 거라고 예상하지 못하고 작년에 점령한 동헝가리의 농경지를 그대로 냅뒀어요. 갈아엎어서 초원으로 만들 수도 있었는데 장기적으로 점령을 할 요량으로 그냥 남겨놓고 기초적인 행정조직도 짜놨대요. 만약 여길 다 갈아엎어뒀더라면 말 먹일 곳이 충분했을지도 모른대요. 2. 몽골군은 말에게 건초를 안먹인대요. 그냥 놔먹이지. 만약 건초형(?) 군대였으면 이런 상황에서도 말을 먹일 수 있었을 텐데 그러지 못했대요. 3. 1242년을 시작으로 헝가리에 대기근이 들었대요. 사람이 많이 죽은데다 기후가 갑자기 춥고 습해지면서 그 해의 곡물산출량이 확 떨어졌다는 거지요. 이젠 말 뿐 아니라 사람 먹을 것도 부족할 판이 됐어요.  디 코스모 교수는 여기에 더해 자신의 주장을 입증할 정황상의 증거를 몇 가지 더 제시해요. 1. 당시 실제로 헝가리가 늪지가 되어서 몽골군이 고생했다는 증언이 하나 있대요. 2. 그래서인지 몽골군은 왔던 길로 되돌아가지 않고 충분히 배수가 잘 되어서 길이 좋고 풀도 잘 자랐을 산지를 통해 퇴각했어요. 위 짤 가장 아랫쪽에 파란 점선으로 표시된 곳이 몽골군 퇴각로예요. 평지로 안가고 일부러 산지를 골라서 멀리 돌아가지요? 3. 게다가 실제 고고학적 조사 결과 1240년대 중반부터는 헝가리지역 집터가 평균 5cm가량 더 높은 곳에 형성된대요. 1240년대 초반 홍수-늪지대화의 영향 때문일 거라고 추측할 수 있다고 해요. 이 결론을 다 정리한 짤이  요고예요. 물론 기후가 다는 아니었겠지만 이런저런 요인에 더해서 기상악화도 후퇴의 중요한 조건 중 하나였다.. 정도가 디 코스모 교수의 결론이에요. 어때요? 설득력 있나요? :) * 수박이두통에게보린님에 의해서 티타임 게시판으로부터 게시물 복사되었습니다 (2016-12-12 11:15) * 관리사유 : 추천 게시판으로 복사합니다. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 13
이 게시판에 등록된 기아트윈스님의 최근 게시물
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6946 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
6946 class='vcm '>
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6946'> Raute
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16/11/27 23:27
6946>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
아무래도 이것저것 섞여있겠죠. 저는 요 글을 읽기 전까지는 3번을 중심으로 생각했는데 모히 전투에서 요단강 건널 뻔 했던 바투에게 유럽은 먹기도 힘들고 메리트도 별로 없는 땅이지 않았을까 싶거든요. 여기에 기후의 어려움까지 더해지면...
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
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