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홍차넷
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Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
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Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 269
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 300
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 16
추천
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 21
Warning: Use of undefined constant header - assumed 'header' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 31
- 회원들이 추천해주신 좋은 글들을 따로 모아놓는 공간입니다.
- 추천글은 매주 자문단의 투표로 선정됩니다.
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_formmail - assumed 'use_formmail' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 519
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/include/print_category.php on line 9
전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌게임문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제체육/스포츠과학철학/종교정치/사회요리/음식역사여행IT/컴퓨터음악창작사진
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Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 398
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Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 2
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/memo_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 10
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 40
| Date |
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 53 15/06/11 22:22:17 Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 56 |
| Name | 기아트윈스 |
| Subject | 시스템과 부패(corruption) |
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강의 중에 재밌는 이야기를 들어서 (제 생각을 살짝 섞어서) 옮겨봅니다. 중국은 일찍부터 운하를 파서 운용해왔습니다. 물자, 특히 곡물 운송 비용을 어떻게 줄이느냐에 제국의 운명이 왔다갔다하던 처지였으니까요. 이런 운하 운영 메뉴얼들이, 아주 옛날 것들은 남아있지 않더라도, 청나라 때 것 정도는 남아있습니다. 이 메뉴얼들을 보면 이러쿵 저러쿵 해서 도저히 메뉴얼대로 굴릴 수 없는 모순점들이 많습니다만, 실제로 운하는 어떻게든 운영되었지요. 어떻게? 바로 메뉴얼에 나와있지 않은 많은 요소들이 윤활유역할을 했기 때문입니다. 이 윤활유들을 오늘날 어떤 사가들은 부패(corruption)라고 부릅니다. 하급 관리들 주머니에 뒷돈을 넣어준다든지, 통행세라든지, 기타 등등. 하지만, 어디까지가 정상작동 시스템이고 어디서부터가 부패일까요. 물론 매우 심각하고 용납하기 어려우며 전체 시스템의 운영에 해악을 끼치는 부패가 있을 수 있겠습니다만, 여전히 우리가 부패라고 부르는 것들의 상당수는 사실 알고 보면 시스템이 제대로 포착하지 못한 디테일들, 상호 모순점을 부드럽게 우회하여 실제로 일이 굴러가게끔 하기 위한 불문율, 혹은 관례에 해당하는 경우가 많습니다. 특히 경제사가들이 시스템의 실패(failure)에 대해 논하고, 부패를 언급하길 좋아합니다만, 이는 어느정도 현실과 이상이 전도된 사관입니다. 현재 학계에서 만들어내고 토론하는 "시스템"들은 대개 유럽의 역사적 경험으로부터 도출해낸 것들로, 이 시스템을 아시아 각국의 역사적 경험에 대입하면 당연히 안 들어맞는 구석들이 나옵니다. 이런 불일치를 발견할 때 마다 "역시 중국은 이러저러한 실패 (시장실패, 국가실패 등등)를 겪었군. 그 실패가 중국의 근대화의 발목을 잡은 거라고 논문을 써보자 (휘리릭)" 따위의 생각을 하고 글을 쓰곤 하는데 이는 올바른 접근이라고 하기 어렵습니다. 가장 대표적인 사례로 막스의 [아시아적 생산 양식 (Asiatic mode of production)]을 꼽을 수 있습니다. 이건 그냥 "(어... 이게 뭔지 모르겠음) I don't know what it is" 을 우아하게 표현한 것일 뿐입니다. 운하 운영상에 있어서의 뒷돈 관행을 [부패]라고 한다 치면, 우리는 북미 대륙에 광범위하게 퍼진 팁 문화 역시 일정 정도 [부패]라고 부를 수 있습니다. 메뉴얼에 없는 임의의 비용을 하급 운영직원들에게 직접 지불해야한다니! 청나라 운하 운영 관리들이 통행세를 받던 것, 그 통행세 없이는 그 하급 관리들이 일상 생활이 불가능할 정도로 낮은 봉급을 받았다는 것을 생각해보면 양자는 별 차이가 없습니다. 오늘날 부패지수 같은 걸 산출할 때도 비슷한 장난을 쳐볼 수 있습니다. 만약 팁 문화를 [부패]의 한 사례로 산입한다면, 북미는 매일 같이 믿을 수 없을 만큼 막대한 양의 어둠의 돈거래가 이루어지는 부패의 제국이 될 것입니다. 중국의 사가들은 제국의 몰락을 다룰 때 으레 도덕적 타락을 그 중요 원인으로 꼽습니다. 우리는 이러한 서술을 결코 액면가 그대로 받아들여선 안됩니다. 미래의 사마천이 미국이라는 한 때 잘나가던 제국의 몰락의 원인을 분석하면서 팁이라는 이름의 부패를 통해 어떤 도덕적 타락상을 읽어낸다면 납득하기 어려운 것과 마찬가지입니다. * Toby님에 의해서 자유 게시판으로부터 게시물 복사되었습니다 (2015-06-17 15:44) * 관리사유 : 추천게시판으로 복사합니다. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 0 이 게시판에 등록된 기아트윈스님의 최근 게시물
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402 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
402 class='vcm '>
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Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 117
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 118
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 119
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 120
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 121
402'> kpark
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 142
15/06/11 22:33
402>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
팁과 우리가 흔히 정부 및 공무원에 대해 말하는 부정부패의 차이라고 하면
- 팁은 종업원, 서비스업 업체의 말단 직원이 받는다. 공무원 부정부패는 말단 공무원서부터 실무 담당자, 최고위 관리자까지 대상의 계층이 넓다.
- 팁을 줌으로 인해 얻을 수 있는 대가는 좋은 서비스, 공무원에게 부정청탁을 해서 얻는 대가는 그 가치가 작은 서비스에서부터 큰 프로젝트 입찰 등 규모가 큼직한 것까지 이른다.
당장 생각나는게 이 두가지 차이인데, 핵심만 따지면 팁과 우리가 말하는 부정청탁의 규모가 너무 크게 차이난다는 생각이 듭니다. 단순히 비교하기엔 그 범주가 다르지 않을까요?
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
- 팁은 종업원, 서비스업 업체의 말단 직원이 받는다. 공무원 부정부패는 말단 공무원서부터 실무 담당자, 최고위 관리자까지 대상의 계층이 넓다.
- 팁을 줌으로 인해 얻을 수 있는 대가는 좋은 서비스, 공무원에게 부정청탁을 해서 얻는 대가는 그 가치가 작은 서비스에서부터 큰 프로젝트 입찰 등 규모가 큼직한 것까지 이른다.
당장 생각나는게 이 두가지 차이인데, 핵심만 따지면 팁과 우리가 말하는 부정청탁의 규모가 너무 크게 차이난다는 생각이 듭니다. 단순히 비교하기엔 그 범주가 다르지 않을까요?
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
402>
402>
