Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 278
홍차넷
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 269
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 300
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 16
추천
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 21
Warning: Use of undefined constant header - assumed 'header' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 31
- 회원들이 추천해주신 좋은 글들을 따로 모아놓는 공간입니다.
- 추천글은 매주 자문단의 투표로 선정됩니다.
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_formmail - assumed 'use_formmail' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 519
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/include/print_category.php on line 9
전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌게임문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제체육/스포츠과학철학/종교정치/사회요리/음식역사여행IT/컴퓨터음악창작사진
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 29
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 41
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 398
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 2
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/memo_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 10
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 40
| Date |
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 53 23/03/28 22:07:37 Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 56 |
| Name | 카르스 |
| Subject | 미국 이민가도 지속되는 동아시아인의 저출산 패턴 |
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흔히 동북아시아의 초저출산의 원인을 이야기할 때 여러 사회구조적, 문화적 문제를 거론합니다. 고학력화, 청년 실업과 불안정한 노동시장, 높은 집값, 낮은 아동 및 보육복지 수준, 집단주의적 문화, 시대에 뒤떨어진 젠더 및 가족규범, 낮은 행복도 등등... 틀린 지적은 아닙니다만, 이 이론엔 분명 한계가 있습니다. 커뮤니티에 많이 돌아다녀서 아실 분들도 많을 텐데, 출산율이 높을만한 사회구조와 문화를 가진, 그리고 실제로 높은 미국에 가서도 동아시아인들은 아이를 적게 낳거든요. 단순히 초저출산이 사회구조나 문화의 문제라면, 초저출산을 불러일으킬 원인이 줄어든 나라에 이민가서도 비슷한 패턴인 게 설명되지 않습니다. 커뮤니티에 돌아다니는 버전은 아이를 적게 낳는다만 강조되었는데, 동아시아 출신의 출산 패턴은 단순히 아이를 적게 낳는 것 이상으로 특이합니다. 출산 시점이 꽤나 늦고, 비혼 출산이 매우 드물고, 사회계층 지위와 출산율 간의 특이한 관계 등 전반적인 출산 패턴이 동아시아 국가들과 흡사합니다. Cai and Morgan (2019)는 이를 논문에서 보입니다. 저자는 동아시아 출신인 한국/일본/중국계 미국인을 CJK로 묶고, 출산율과 전반적인 출산 패턴을 백인/히스패닉계/흑인/기타 인종인 미국인들과 비교했습니다.  2000-2015년의 인종별 출산율 추이. 그 결과는 타 인종에 비해 확실히 낮은 동아시아계 미국인의 출산율입니다. 2000-2015년 기준으로 동아시아계는 1.5 전후의 출산율을 유지하고 있는데, 이는 백인은 물론이고 다른 미국의 주요 인종에 비해 현저하게 낮은 수준입니다. 지금(2020년대 초반)의 동아시아 국가들보다는 현저하게 높은 출산율이지만, '2000-2015년 동일시점으로' 비교하자면 비슷하거나 조금 높은 수준에 불과합니다. .png) 연령별 출산율 분포. 동아시아계 미국인은 단순히 출산율만 낮은 게 아니라, 아이를 매우 늦게 낳는 특이성도 관찰됩니다. 다른 인종들은 20대 전반 혹은 후반에 출산을 제일 많이 하는데(20대 후반과 30대 전반이 비슷한 타 인종들Others는 예외), 동아시아계는 출산을 30대 전반에서 제일 많이 하고 심지어 20대 후반보다 30대 후반에서 출산이 더 많습니다. 특히 20대까지의 출산율이 이례적으로 낮아, 연령별 출산율 분포를 그리면 아예 다른 인종과 따로 그려지는 수준입니다. 저자에 따르면 동아시아계 미국인의 평균 출산 연령은 34세인데, 이는 미국인 평균보다 5세, 미국 백인보다 4세 많은 것이며 다른 인종과는 차이가 더 크다고 합니다. 실제로 평균 34세라는 출산 연령은 한국 일본 대만 등 선진 동아시아 지역과 큰 차이가 없습니다. 인과관계인지는 애매하지만 '출산을 늦게 할수록 아이를 적게 낳는다'는 잘 알려진 상관관계를 감안하면, 자연스러운 결론일지 모릅니다. .png) 기혼 출산 비율. 비혼 출산 비율은 1에서 이 수치를 빼야 합니다. 동아시아계는 비혼 출산이 드문 패턴도 관찰됩니다. 백인의 비혼 출산은 전체 출산의 30%가 조금 안 되며, 흑인은 70%에 가까운데, 동아시아계의 비혼 출산은 대체적으로 10% 전후에 그칩니다. 그래도 5%도 안 되는 모국들보단 높지만, 미국 평균은 물론이고 타 인종들에 비해 현저하게 낮습니다. .png) 연령별 누적 자녀 수. 이러한 독특한 출산 패턴은 연령별 누적 자녀수를 볼 때 더 확실히 보입니다. 출처를 지금까지 데이터들과 다른 걸 썼는데도 비슷한 결과가 나옵니다. 30세 전반까지는 동아시아인들의 자녀 수가 현저하게 적고, 동아시아인들이 출산을 늦게 실현하면서 40대 전반에는 차이가 좁혀지지만 여전히 타 인종들에 비해 적은 자녀 수를 보입니다. .png) 인종과 사회경제적 특성별 출산율. 성인 되어서 미국으로 이주한 1세대 미국인들은 모국에서 오래 자랐기에 모국 출산패턴의 영향을 피할 수 없다는 주장도 가능합니다. 하지만 그러려면 출산율 격차는 1세대 이민자에게만 관찰됐어야 합니다. 미국에서 태어난 2세대 이민자이거나, 집에서 영어를 쓰는 등 미국 사회에 동화가 많이 된 이민자들에서도 출산율의 타 인종과의 격차가 관찰됩니다. 아시아계의 사회계층적 지위가 이질적이라 생기는 문제도 아닙니다. 학력과 무관하게 동아시아계는 타 인종보다 돋보이게 출산율이 낮았거든요. 또 하나 말하자면, 동아시아계는 유독 학력이 높을수록 출산율이 낮아지는 경향성이 약하게 나타났고, 심지어 소득의 경우 동아시아계는 예외적으로 소득이 높아질수록 출산율이 높아져 다른 인종들과 정반대의 상관관계를 보였습니다. 그래서 타 인종은 제일 소득이 낮은 계층에서 출산율이 제일 높았는데, 동아시아계는 거꾸로 그 계층에서 제일 낮았습니다. 잘 알려진 사회경제적 지위와 출산율 간의 (-) 상관관계가 동아시아계에서는 약하거나 거꾸로 나타나는 셈입니다. (-) 상관관계가 예전처럼 항상 성립하지는 않습니다만(Doepke et al., 2022) 그럼에도 이 정도 패턴 차이는 이례적이지요. 사실 이것들은 동아시아 본국에서도 나타나는 패턴인데 이민 가서도 유지되는 것입니다. 지금까지 다룬 동북아시아 이민자의 독특한 출산 패턴은 사실 문화 경제학 트렌드에 익숙한 사람이라면 이상할 게 없습니다. 이민자들은 이민 갈 시점의 자국 문화를 그대로 이민국에 가져와 유지하고, 이를 자녀에게 (최소한 어느 정도) 물려줍니다. 출산 패턴도 예외는 아니겠지요. 하지만 그럼에도 불구하고 많은 시사점을 던집니다. 2000-2015년 기준이면 과거에 동북아시아가 출산율이 높고 혼인 연령이 낮을 시절에 미국으로 이민 온 동아시아인(특히 한국계와 중국계)들도 많이 포함할 텐데, 이들조차 저출산과 늦은 출산으로 유도하는 동아시아의 문화라니. 동아시아는 고소득 환경에선 극심한 저출산을 겪을 수밖에 없는 운명인가. 2세대 이민자들도 유지하는 동북아시아의 저출산 패턴이 과연 본국에서 개선이 가능할지, 그리고 서구의 출산 장려정책이 동아시아에서도 같은 효과를 낼지 많은 고민을 해야 합니다. 더 나아가서 동아시아는 단순히 출산율이 낮은 걸 넘어서, 늦은 출산 연령과 낮은 비혼 출산, 그리고 사회경제적 지위와 출산율 간의 특이한 관계 등 출산 패턴 전체가 튀는 게 확인되었습니다. 그렇기에 동아시아 저출산의 퍼즐을 풀려면 단순히 1) 낮은 출산율에 주목하는 걸 넘어 2) 늦은 출산 연령 3)낮은 비혼 출산 4)사회경제적 지위와 출산율 간의 특이한 관계 이 네가지를 동시에 설명하는 동북아 문화의 특수성을 연구할 필요가 있다고 봅니다. 보다 다면적인 분석이 필요하다 봅니다. 출처: Cai, Y., Morgan, S.P. Persistent low fertility among the East Asia descendants in the United States: perspectives and implications. China popul. dev. stud. 2, 384–400 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42379-019-00024-7 * Cascade님에 의해서 티타임 게시판으로부터 게시물 복사되었습니다 (2023-04-11 07:46) * 관리사유 : 추천게시판으로 복사합니다. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 16
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26295 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
26295 class='vcm '>
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26295'> 메존일각
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23/03/28 22:17
26295>삭제 주소복사
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MMORPG에 비유해서 설명하는 얘기가 저한텐 정말 와닿더라고요. 게임인데도 1스탯이라도 낭비 안 하고 스킬 트리 최적화 안 할 거면 아예 시도조차 안 하려고 하는. 갈수록 그 현상이 심해진다고 보이거든요.
기회의 땅인 미국으로 이민 간 동아시아인들은 현지인보다 본인의 능력으로 자수성가하려는 상승지향적인 욕구가 더 있을 듯하고, 자연스레 어느 정도 기반이 갖춰진 상태에서 결혼하고 출산하려 할 것이고, (만혼에 노산) 자식에게도 부모들이 생각하는 수준의 교육을 제공하려고 할 것이고. 그러면 한 아이에게 몰빵하는 게 더 효율적이고 등등등...이 복합적이지 않을까 싶네요.
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
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기회의 땅인 미국으로 이민 간 동아시아인들은 현지인보다 본인의 능력으로 자수성가하려는 상승지향적인 욕구가 더 있을 듯하고, 자연스레 어느 정도 기반이 갖춰진 상태에서 결혼하고 출산하려 할 것이고, (만혼에 노산) 자식에게도 부모들이 생각하는 수준의 교육을 제공하려고 할 것이고. 그러면 한 아이에게 몰빵하는 게 더 효율적이고 등등등...이 복합적이지 않을까 싶네요.
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
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