Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 278
홍차넷
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 269
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 300
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 16
티타임
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 21
Warning: Use of undefined constant header - assumed 'header' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 31
- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_formmail - assumed 'use_formmail' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 519
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/include/print_category.php on line 9
전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 29
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 41
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 398
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 2
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/memo_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 10
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 40
| Date |
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 53 15/09/01 08:04:30 Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 56 |
| Name | 뤼야 |
| Subject | 올리버 색스 타계로 다시 읽어보는 [뮤지코필리아] |
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미국 컬럼비아대학의 저명한 뇌신경과학자인 올리버 색스가 어제 타계했다는 소식을 들었습니다. 진화심리학과 뇌과학 분야의 책들이 한국에 한창 번역되기 시작할 무렵, 선구적이라고 할 수 있는 올리버 색스의 책들을 무척이나 재미있게 읽었던 기억이 납니다. 그의 재치있고 문학적이기까지한 필력과 풍부한 임상 경험, 그리고 다소 독특할 수 밖에 없는 뇌신경질환자들을 대하는 인간적 태도가 그의 저서 곳곳에 묻어있던 기억이 납니다. 기사를 보니 9년전에 수술을 받았던 안암(眼癌)이 간으로 전이되었다고 하는데, 시한부를 선고받고 죽음에 임하는 태도조차 과연 그답다는 생각이 듭니다. 그의 저서는 워낙에 전세계적인 베스트셀러로 많이 읽혀졌고, 저도 재미를 붙여 여러권 읽었는데 가장 좋아하는 책은 [뮤지코필리아]입니다. 이 책은 음악이 인간의 마음(정확히 말하자면 뇌라는 신체부위지만 메커니즘이 제대로 다 밝혀지지 않았기 때문에 두루뭉술하게 '마음'이라는 용어로 대체합니다)에 작동하는 방식에 대해 여러 환자의 실재 사례를 통해 풀어내었는데, '세상에 이런 일도 다 있구나!' 싶은 독특한 음악환자(?)의 병증을 통해 음악이 진화라는 역사와 함께 아주 깊숙히 자리잡고 있는 인간의 본성임을 깨닫게 해줍니다. 42세에 번개를 맞고 갑자기 피아니스트가 되려는 꿈을 키우는 사람, 태어나면서부터 과도한 음악성을 나타내는 윌리엄스 증후군, 교항곡이 냄비와 팬을 바닥에 집어던지는 소리로 들리는 실음악증, 기억의 범위가 불과 7초에 불과하지만 음악기억은 온전하여 교향곡 전체를 암기하는 것이 가능한 사람, 음악을 들으면 발작을 일으키는 사람, 한 번 들은 음은 절대 잊지 않는 음악 서번트증후군, 음악과 함께하는 시간에만 예전의 기억을 되찾는 기억상실증, 실어증에 걸려 말을 할 수 없으나 음악(의 가사)을 통해서만 의사를 전달할 수 있는 환자 등등 참으로 유별나게 음악을 앓는 사람들의 이야기가 등장합니다. 500페이지가 넘어가는 [뮤지코필리아]의 내용중에 코 푸는 소리가 '사'음으로 들린다는 절대음감의 예를 이야기 해볼까요. 옥스퍼드의 교수였던 프레데릭 우슬리는 평생 뛰어난 절대음감으로 유명했는데 다섯살때 아빠에게 "코를 풀면 '사'음의 소리가 나요. 천둥소리는 '라', 정각을 알리는 시계소리는 반음내린 '나'소리가 나요."라고 했다는데, 확인을 해보면 모두가 사실이었다고 합니다. 또한 핀란드의 곤충학자 올라비 소타발타는 날아다니는 곤충 소리의 전문가로 절대음감을 가진 덕분에 자신의 연구에 많은 도움을 받았는데, 날아다니는 곤충의 날갯짓은 일정은 음높이를 유발시키고 소타발타는 이것을 음악적으로 기보하고 정확한 주파수까지 알아맞혔다고 합니다. 대단하죠. 특히나 절대음감으로 유명한 인물로는 모짜르트가 있지요. 모짜르트는 일곱살에 자신의 바이올린과 친구 샥트너의 바이올린을 비교하며 "내가 지난번에 너의 바이올린을 연주한 뒤로 새로 조율을 하지 않는다면 지금의 네 바이올린은 나의 바이올린보다 1/8음이 낮을거야."라고 말했다고 합니다. 출처가 다소 의심스러운 이 일화를 제쳐두고라도, 작곡가인 마이클 토크는 피아노의 현이 19세기에 제작된 것이어서 현대 피아노의 표준인 440Hz를 기준으로 조율되지 않은 옛날 피아노 건반을 두드려보고는 음정이 1/3낮다는 것을 금방 알아차렸다고 합니다. 절대음감은 어떤 음악이든지 정확한 음높이로 부르고 받아적을 수 있게 해주므로 평범한 능력을 가진 사람에게는 달콤한 축복처럼 들리지만 사실은 이 능력자들에게도 나름의 문제가 일어난다고 합니다. 예를 들어 절대음감을 가진 피아니스트는 자신이 연주할 피아노가 아주 정확하게 조율이 되어 있지않으면 연주가 불가능합니다. 연주를 하는 내내 음이 맞지 않는 악기때문에 괴로울 테니까요. 사실 이런 문제때문에 대부분의 연주자들은 무대에서 특정한 브랜드의 피아노를 고집하고 연주회 이전에 여러 대의 피아노를 후보로 두고 가장 자신의 귀(또는 뇌)에 적합한 피아노를 선별하는 작업을 거칩니다. 특히나 까다로운 연주자의 경우 자신이 연주할 피아노를 공수해서 가지고 다니고, 이런 조건이 성사되지 않을 경우에는 아예 연주회를 거부하기도 합니다. 클래식 공연장에 가보면 연주회에 앞서 연주자들이 착석한 후에 악장(제1바이올린 연주자로 지휘자와 가장 가까이 앉아있는 바이올린 주자입니다. 지휘자가 부재할 경우 악단 전체에 지시를 내릴 수 있는 권한이 있습니다)의 지시에 따라 자신의 악기를 조율하는 소리를 들을 수가 있습니다. 악장은 자기 자리에서 일어나 수석 오보에 주자에게 라(A)를 불도록 지시하지요. 모든 악기가 일제히 이 소리에 맞추어 음을 조절합니다. 실제 공연장에서 이 소리를 들으면 앨리스가 토끼굴에 빠지는 순간처럼 정신이 아득해지는 쾌감이 느껴지지요. 저는 정말 이 소리를 좋아합니다. 음악을 들으러 먼 길을 오느라 쌓인 피곤이 한 순간에 사라지면서, 정신이 번쩍 납니다. A음을 표준으로 삼는 이유는 모든 악기는 개방한 상태에서 가장 안정적이고, 악기상태를 잘 알려주는 소리를 내기 때문입니다. 현악기는 개방현(손으로 어떤 현도 누르지 않은 상태)이, 목관악기도 가장 키를 적게 만지는 음이, 금관악기의 경우 밸브를 움직이지 않는 음이 바로 개방음입니다. 오케스트라에 쓰이는 악기의 개방음들은 악기마다 다른데, 그렇다고 모든 악기를 따로따로 그 악기의 개방음에 맞춰 튜닝한다는 것도 사실상 불가능하고, 모든 음이 정확한 음정을 갖고 있다 말할 수 없기 때문에 의미가 없는 일이기도 합니다. 따라서 대부분의 악기가 가장 개방에 가까운(현도 지판을 조금만 잡고, 목관악기도 키를 적게 누르며, 금관악기도 밸브를 많이 누르지 않는)음인 A로 튜닝을 하게 된 것입니다. [뮤지코필리아]의 내용을 이야기하다가 다른 곳으로 이야기가 샜는데, 다시 절대음감 이야기로 돌아가자면 [뇌의 왈츠]라는 저서로 한국에도 잘 알려진 대니얼 레비틴은 절대음감의 소유자들이 겪는 당혹스러움을 이런 식으로 표현했습니다. "절대음감의 소유자들은 익숙한 음악 작품이 잘못된 조성으로 연주되는 것을 들으면 종종 화를 내거나 당혹스러워한다... 그의 기분을 비유해보자면 이렇다. 시장에 갔는데 일시적으로 시각처리에 장애가 생겨서 바나나가 온통 오렌지색으로 보이고, 상추가 죄다 노랗게, 사과가 자주색으로 보인다고 상상해보라..." 음...그렇군요. 장보는데 애를 먹을 것 같습니다. 장은 다음에 보는 것으로 해야겠네요. 사실 절대음감을 소유한 개인이 겪는 저런 불편(?)이야 별 것 아닌 것으로 치부할 수 있다고 해도 절대음감이 뇌과학자들에게 관심을 끄는 이유는 절대음감이 바로 언어와 가지는 상관관계 때문입니다. 이후에 다른 논문이 발표되었는지는 잘 모르겠지만 2006년도에 발표된 한 논문에 따르면 베트남어와 만다린을 모국어로 사용하는 사람들은 단어를 읽을 때 상당히 정확한 절대음감을 보인다고 합니다. 즉 조성이 있는 언어를 사용하는 사람들이 상대적으로 절대음감을 가지고 있을 확률이 매우 높다는 것이죠. 과학자들은 이러한 연구를 바탕으로 말소리와 음악을 처리할 때 가동되는 모듈 단위는 같으며, 그러므로 언어와 음악은 공통의 기원을 가지고 있고, 원시인들에게는 원시음악과 원시언어가 서로 융합된 형태로 존재했을 가능성을 유추했다고 합니다. 또한 어린 아이들은 성장하면서 언어를 구성하고 종합하는 규칙을 터득해감에 따라 정보를 받아들이는 새로운 방식으로 뇌를 정렬하게 되며, (어쩌면 타고났을지도 모를) 절대음감이 사라지고 음악능력이 감퇴하는 것으로 보인다는 주장도 이끌어내었습니다. 이런 대담한 가설을 뒷받침해주는 증거는 아직 불충분하지만 매력적인 주장인 것만은 틀림없습니다. 실제로 천재적인 음악성을 보이는 많은 음악가들이 어린 시절 많은 음악을 들으며 성장한 것이 사실이니까요. 출근하기 전에 두서없는 쓴 글을 마칩니다. 글을 좀 가다듬고 싶은데 시간이 없네요. 올리버 색스의 명복을 빌며 게시판 아래 언급된 두 예술인의 명복도 함께 빌어봅니다. 좋은 책 써주셔서 감사하다는 말씀 전하고 싶네요. 좋은 하루 되시기 바랍니다. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 1 이 게시판에 등록된 뤼야님의 최근 게시물
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Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 119
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 120
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 121
13095'> 人在江湖
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 142
15/09/01 09:51
13095>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
좋은 글 잘 읽었습니다~
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
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Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
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Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
13095>
13095>
