Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 278
홍차넷
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 269
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 300
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 16
티타임
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 21
Warning: Use of undefined constant header - assumed 'header' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 31
- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_formmail - assumed 'use_formmail' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 519
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/include/print_category.php on line 9
전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 29
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 41
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 398
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
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Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 2
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/memo_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 10
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 40
| Date |
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 53 18/01/01 11:53:51 Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 56 |
| Name | 호타루 |
| Subject | 작전과 작전 사이 (0) - 프롤로그 |
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같은 글이 PGR과 홍차넷 양쪽에 게시되는 점 참고해 주세요. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 새해 복 많이 받으십시오. 이번 연재의 적당한 제목이 떠오르지 않아서 고민이네요. 지난번에 바르바로사 작전과 청색 작전을 연재한 바 있었습니다. 전에 말씀드린 걸 기억하시겠는지 모르겠는데, 바르바로사 작전이 종료된 것은 1941년 12월 5일이고, 청색 작전이 개시된 것은 1942년 6월 28일입니다. 둘 사이에는 무려 7개월에 가까운 공백이 있었죠. 말이 7개월이지 거의 200일입니다. 그 긴 기간을 단지 라스푸티차라서, 혹은 둘 다 진이 빠져서, 이렇게 설명하기에는 상당한 무리가 있습니다. 전쟁이 한창 진행중이라 정말로 양쪽 다 진이 빠져버린 1943년 춘계 정도라면 모를까... 간간이 이어지는 국지전을 제외하면 제3차 하리코프 전투에서 쿠르스크 전투까지 약 4개월의 공백이 있었죠. 더구나 라스푸티차는 이미 11월이 되면 끝나 가고 있었고, 12월에는 땅이 얼어붙어서 전차부대의 기동이 가능한 상황이 되었습니다. 추계 라스푸티차가 끝나고 독일군의 "전쟁을 끝내기 위한" 최후의 동계 공세인 태풍 작전이 모스크바를 향해 몰아치고 있었습니다. 그러나 끝끝내 독일군은 모스크바를 점령하는 데 실패하고, 결국 바르바로사 작전은 세 가지 목표 중 딱 하나 - 하리코프 - 만 달성한 채로 공식적으로 종결됩니다. 누차 말씀드리지만 바르바로사 작전은 시작부터 철저하게 잘못된 작전이었습니다. 적의 규모에 대한 올바른 판단도 없었고(최전선의 전력은 비교적 정확하게 판단했으나 예비 부대는 완전히 깜깜이였습니다), 소련군의 저력도 전혀 고려하지 않고 상대를 얕봤습니다. 바둑에서 입신의 경지에 올랐다는 80년대 최강 기사 중 한 명인 요다 노리토모 九단도 "벽안의 하수" 한스피치 初단을 얕보다가 반집패를 당한 바 있거늘(그래서 경적필패라 하죠), 상대를 얕본 독일군이 어찌 소련군을 이길 수 있었겠습니까? 전쟁을 함에 있어서 자신의 능력은 한없이 고평가하고 상대방의 능력을 한없이 저평가한 결과는 빠져나올 수 없는 수렁이었죠. 독일군은 1941년에 전쟁을 "끝낼" 심산이었지, 절대로 질질 끌기 위해서 작전을 개시한 것이 아니었습니다. 그렇게 시작부터 잘못된 작전입니다만, 독일군 입장에서는 그나마 운이 좋게도 마침 상대방인 소련군이 내부 정리 문제 때문에 대차게 헤롱헤롱거리는 상태였던데다가 대숙청의 영향으로 옳은 것을 옳다고 말할 수 있는 사람이 거의 없었기에 파죽지세로 성공하는 것처럼 보인 것뿐이죠.  출처 위키미디어. 이게 고작 두 달 만에 이뤄낸 "성과"입니다.  역시 출처 위키미디어. 다섯 달 반 동안 독일군은 발트 3국과 벨라루스, 우크라이나를 완전히 석권합니다. 클라우제비츠가 경고했지만 그 말은 귓등으로도 듣지 않았던 - 전쟁은 지도에서 일어나는 게 전부가 아니라고 한 바 있습니다 - 독일군의 눈에는 그들이 역사상 최대의 승리를 거두고 앞으로 나아가는 것처럼 보였겠죠. 하긴 그럴 만도 했습니다. 민스크에서 40만, 키예프에서 66만, 스몰렌스크에 이르기까지 박살난 소련군만 무려 200만 명 가량이고, 병사라는 게 또 급하게 하루이틀 긁어모은 병사와 몇 년간의 훈련을 거친 병사가 또 차이가 나는 법 아니겠습니까? 그러니 최전방의 병사들(특히 서부 전선군과 남서 전선군)을 박살내고 남은 게 뭐가 있겠냐고 생각할 법도 했죠. 어디까지나 전쟁터는 소련이었지 독일이 아니었구요. 심지어 히틀러가 그리도 중요시하던 우크라이나의 광산 및 공업지대와 엄청난 농지는 대부분 석권해낸 상태였습니다. 바르바로사 작전에 대한 비판은 이 정도로 해 두고, 이번에는 청색 작전을 시작할 시기의 경계선을 볼 필요가 있겠네요.  출처 위키미디어. 청색 작전 시작 시기(6월 28일)의 선에 집중합시다. 중부 집단군이 있던 데미얀스크 - 툴라 - 쿠르스크 정도로 곡선을 그려 보면 차이점이 드러납니다. 독일군 입장에서 보면 전선이 좀 많이 주저앉았죠. 하지만 그렇다고 해서 소련군이 수도인 모스크바 인근에서만 최대한 독일군을 밀어내는 데 집중했느냐 하면 그건 또 아니었습니다. 지도상으로 큰 차이가 없어 보여서 지난 몇 년간 많은 사람들이 간과했던 부분이기도 하죠. 바로 이 시기에 있었던 일이 청색 작전으로 이어지는 중요한 연결고리 중 하나가 됨에도 불구하고 말입니다. 제가 밀리터리에 입문했던 게 2007년이고, 그 07~09년 정도에 인터넷에서 굉장히 유명세를 탔던 게 바로 굽시니스트의 본격 2차 세계대전 만화였습니다. 지금 보면 동부 전선보다는 서부 전선 내지는 국제적으로 돌아가는 판에 크게 무게를 둔 만화라고 봐야 할 것 같은데, 그 만화에서도 이 작전과 작전 사이를 "잠깐 쉬지" 정도로 홀랑 쌩까고 지나가버렸죠. 윤민혁 씨가 감수한 것으로 유명한 《모에 전차학교》 시리즈에서도 한 줄 설명 없이 그대로 스무스하게 넘어가 버립니다. 굳이 전문서적이라고 하기에는 어려운 두 책을 제가 언급한 이유는, 그만큼 이 작전과 작전 사이에 무슨 일이 있었는지 설명해 주는 입문서가 거의 없다는 현실을 보여주기 위해서입니다. 존 키건의 《2차세계대전사》나 폴 콜리어의 《제2차 세계대전》에서도 거의 천 페이지에 달하는 분량 중 두세 페이지 정도만 할애하고 있을 뿐이죠. 어떻게 보면 납득할 수 있는 이야기이긴 합니다. 결과적으로 보았을 때는 양군의 전선에 큰 차이가 없었고, 독일군이 바르바로사 작전에서 목표를 달성하는 데 실패했다는 것은 매한가지였으며, 따라서 이 작전과 작전 사이에 있었던 일련의 사건들을 단순 소모전 정도로 두면 큰 의미를 부여하기는 당연히 어려워집니다. 공교롭게도 바르바로사 작전이 돈좌된 직후에 진주만 사건으로 인해서 알아서 독일이 미국에 선전포고를 해 준 덕분에, 이러한 소련군의 끈질긴 버팀이 국제 정세적으로 크게 영향을 준 것도 아니고 말이죠. 저 같은 아마추어도 이 정도로 보는데, 사건 하나하나에 집중하기보다는 큰 맥, 큰 줄기를 보는 전문 역사학자들에게 있어서 어쩌면 이 작전과 작전 사이의 7개월간의 공백 사이에 무슨 일이 있었는지는 결과적으로 전혀 중요하지 않을지도 모릅니다. 그래서 보통의 입문서에서는 이 시기의 이야기를 싸그리 빼 버린 것일지도 모르죠. 중요한 건 개개의 사건보다도 전체적인 흐름이니까. 그럼에도 불구하고 여기를 콕 집어서 연재를 하는 이유는, 일단 7개월간의 공백이 앞서 언급했듯이 상식적으로는 너무 길고, 더구나 이 시기의 소련군이 벌인 실수가 결과적으로 청색 작전의 진행을 돕는 단초가 되었으며, 이 공백 사이에 있었던 일로 양군이 얻어간 교훈이 서로 전혀 반대되는 것이기 때문입니다. 또한 양군의 움직임을 시간대별로 추적하는 저로서는 이런 공백은 넘어가기 어려운 문제이기도 했습니다. 정 이해하기 어려우시면 이렇게 설명해 보죠. 마당에 빠따를 든 깡패가 들어와서 장독대를 깨고 농기계를 부수고 앞마당의 작물을 짓밟고 도둑질해 가면서 깽판을 치고 있는데, 상식적으로 이 깡패를 몰아낼 힘이 있으면 빠르게 싸워서 몰아내는 게 정상이 아니겠습니까? 뭣하러 깡패가 힘이 다하기를 기다리냐 이거죠. 자기가 힘이 없다면 모를까... 초반에 두들겨맞기는 했죠. 근데 많이 두들겨맞았음에도 불구하고 아직 충분히 깡패를 제압할 수 있을 법합니다. 여전히 힘이 있어요. 그런 상황이면 계속 싸우는 게 맞는 거죠. 물론 준비기간은 필요합니다. 종일 싸웠으니 밥도 먹어야 하고, 상처에 고약도 좀 발라줘야 하고, 쟤가 빠따를 들고 왔으니 하다못해 새 파이프라도 준비해야죠. 근데 그 7개월이 그런 '차후 공격을 위한 준비기간'으로 퉁쳐지냐, 그게 아니라는 겁니다. 심지어 그 7개월 후에 얻어맞은 건 깡패가 아니라 집주인쪽이고요. 그래서 이 시기를 한번 되짚어볼 필요가 있는 것입니다. 7개월간의 양측의 행동, 그 득실, 그 영향, 그 결과, 교훈 등등. 첫 장면은 아직 끝나지 않은 태풍 작전, 즉 모스크바가 되겠군요. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 6
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97408'> 호라타래
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Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
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18/01/01 11:55
97408>삭제 주소복사
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우왕 >_< 연재글이다. 재미있게 읽겠습니다. 감사해요.
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97408>
97408>
