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홍차넷
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티타임
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- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
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전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
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| Date |
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| Name | 눈부심 |
| Subject | 치즈와 GMO이야기 |
|
오늘 SNS정리를 하다보니 이런 글이 저장되어 있는 거예요. 이거 옛날에 한글로 대충 옮겨놓았던 거네요. 치즈가 만들어지는 과정에 관한 얘기인데 꽤 재밌어요. * * * 원래는 치즈를 만들기 위해서는 젖을 떼기 전의 송아지를 죽여야만 했다고 합니다. 젖떼기 전 송아지의 위장에만, 우유를 고체의 치즈로 만들어 주는 효소가 들어 있었기 때문이에요. 반드시 송아지 위를 떼어내야만 치즈가 만들어질 수 있었던 건 아니지만 질 좋은 치즈를 만들려면 특별한 효소가 필요했다고 합니다. 굳이 동물의 위장에 들어 있는 효소를 사용하지 않고도 식초나 레몬 쥬스를 가지고도 만들 수 있지만 응고력이 좋지는 않아요. 이 특별한 효소는 레닛(rennet)이라고 불리는데 어린 송아지의 네번째 위장에 들어 있어요. 인간은 송아지를 죽여서 치즈만드는 작업을 지난 수 천년 간 해온 거죠. 1970년대에 이르러 치즈에 대한 미국의 수요가 커지자 마냥 송아지를 죽이는 데에도 한계가 있었어요. 그러다가 당시 희대의 GMO기술로 박테리아의 유전자를 조작하여 치즈를 만들어 내는 효소를 만들어 냈습니다. 이 기술로 치즈산업에 일대 혁명이 일어납니다. 오늘날 우리가 먹고 있는 대부분의 치즈는 어린 동물을 살생하는 부담없이 유전자변형을 통해 만들어낸 특별한 효소를 가지고 생산하고 있어요. 이 기특한 유전자조작기술은 우리에게 기여하는 바가 엄청나게 큰데 비해 많은 사람들이 잘 모르고 있는 부분이기도 합니다. 송아지 위장을 가지고 치즈를 제조하는 방법을 처음 터득한 이들이 누군지는 아무도 모릅니다. 일설에 의하면 아라비아 상인들이 우유를 동물의 위장에 저장해 두었다가 우연히 맛을 봤더니 좋았다 그러더란 이야기도 있어요. 어쨌든 치즈는 인간들 사이에서 수 천년 동안 향유되어 왔습니다. 송아지의 네 번째 위장 안에 들어 있는 레닛이라는 효소는 송아지가 풀을 뜯어먹기 시작하면서부터는 생겨나지 않아요. 그래서 젖 떼기 전의 송아지를 도축하여 네 번째 위장을 떼어내고 소금을 뿌려 둡니다. 이걸 치즈 만들 때 조금씩 잘라 내어 우유에 집어넣고 응고시키는 데 사용하는 것이죠. GMO 이야기가 나온 김에 한 가지 더 언급하자면, 의학계에도 유전조작이 적용되는데요. 우리는 유전조작된 미생물에게서 추출되는 인술린의 혜택도 많이 받고 있죠. 원래 인슐린은 동물의 췌장에서 추출 해 썼다고 해요. 기술의 발달로 GMO가 순수 단백질 생산에 있어 동물 대신 이용될 수 있는 효과적인 대체물로 인식이 됩니다. 레닛에 들어 있는 카이모신이라고 하는 단백질분해효소가 바로 우유를 응고시키는 역할을 해요. 80년대 후반에 과학자 Pfizer가 송아지 레닛의 카이모신 유전자를 이콜라이균에 집어 넣었어요. 이렇게 유전자가 조작된 새로운 미생물이 동물 없이도 포유류가 갖는 효소를 대량 생산하도록 만들었어요. 이렇게 유전조작으로 탄생된 발효유발 카이모신은 동물성 카이모신보다 더 많은 양의, 일정한 탄성을 자랑하는 치즈를 만들어 낸다고 합니다. 오늘날 미국이나 영국에서 생산되는 치즈의 80-90%가 바로 이 유전조작된 발효유발 카이모신 덕분에 생산되고 있습니다. 미국의 어떤 주에서는 GMO식품에 GMO임을 알리는 레이블을 달게끔 하는데요. 카이모신은 단백질에 불과하기도 하고 유전조작된, 측량도 거의 불가능한 미생물들이 그 카이모신을 만들어낸 것일 뿐입니다. 따라서 그 안에 들어 있는 균도 이루말 할 수 없이 미세한 양이다 보니 이런 치즈는 여전히 GMO-free에 해당된다고 치즈 생산 회사들은 이야기하고 있습니다. GMO에 대한 거부반응이 심한 분들은 송아지 레닛으로 만든 치즈나 질이 떨어지는 효소로 만들어진 치즈를 구매할 수 있습니다. 프랑스나 이탈리아의 깐깐하고 유명한 유기농치즈는 믿고 먹을만 하다고 하는군요. 덴마크에서는 GMO규제 때문에 유전조작으로 인한 카이모신으로 만든 치즈는 판매할 수 없다고 하네요. 다만 엄밀한 의미의 유기농치즈는 송아지를 죽여 생산되는 것이기 하기 때문에 비건들이 또 고민이 되겠네요. 영상에는 송아지의 위장을 소금으로 절여 두는 장면이 나와요. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 4 이 게시판에 등록된 눈부심님의 최근 게시물
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Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 640
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 644
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/cmt_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 6
Warning: Use of undefined constant file_name - assumed 'file_name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 28
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 65
51094 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
51094 class='vcm '>
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 70
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 71
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 76
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 117
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 118
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 119
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 120
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 121
51094'> Beer Inside
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 142
16/08/10 10:50
51094>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
pfizer가 그 pfizer제약회사의 pfizer인가 보군요.
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
51094>
51094>
