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홍차넷
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티타임
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- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
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전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
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| Date |
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| Name | 커피최고 |
| Subject | 무위자연에 대한 착각 |
|
최근 들어 동양철학, 아니 동양고전에 대한 연구는 우리가 기존에 알고 있던 동양고전에 대한 생각과는 전혀 다른 맥락에서 진행되고 있습니다. 그 대표적인게 바로 '무위자연'이라는 도가적 표어일 것 같네요. 도시와 문명을 떠나 자연으로 돌아가 유유자적함을 떠올리게 하는 이미지의 대표적인 표현인데, 사실 이는 노자와 장자에 대해 매우 협소하게 이해하거나, 서양적 사고관에 의해 만들어진 허상과도 같은 것입니다. 무슨 말이냐면, 노자에서 말하는 무위란, '제왕의 행위'라는 것입니다. 그리고 사실 무위는 도가뿐만 아니라, 그와 대척점으로 여겨지는 유가에서도 마찬가지로 중시되는 것입니다. 다만, 그것이 성왕으로서의 행위일 뿐이죠. 중요한 것은 우리가 알고 있던 도가와 유가의 대립적인 관계는 사실 허상이었다는 점입니다. 이는 중국철학사의 틀을 정립해놓은 풍우란이 미국에서 유학했기 때문에, 서양의 그것과 비슷한 메커니즘을 만들고자 끼워맞춘 것에 불과합니다. 그리고 그가 미국에서 유학하던 당시가 특히 자연-문명의 대립 구도가 학계에서 격하게 논의되었던 시점이기에 무위-유위의 대립이라는 걸 설정해 둔 것이고요. 결국 무위나 유위나 본질적으로는 같은 의미인데, 여기에 차이가 있다면 '구체적인 직무의 유무'입니다. 장자의 천도편에서 언급된 유명한 구절, "제왕은 무위하고, 신하는 유위한다."는 건 다시 말해서 제왕이 명령하면 신하가 그 구체적인 플랜을 짜고 실행한다 정도가 되겠네요. 그 상황을 비유하자면 유가의 무위란, 왕이 신하에게 "이것 좀 해주면 안될까?" 라고 부탁하는거고 도가(노자)의 무위란, 왕이 그냥 딱 째려보면 신하가 왕이 원하는게 무엇인지 알아서 맞추어야하는 겁니다. 법가의 무위는 도가랑 비슷한데, 차이가 있다면 신하가 물어볼 수 있다는 정도.. 저러한 노자의 방식, 저러면 아래 사람들이 스트레스를 받게 되고, 그 스트레스를 더 아래 사람들에게 풀게 되죠. 그게 싫다! 유위고 나발이고 난 차라리 농사지으면서 편히 살련다라는게 장자의 이야기입니다. 우리가 흔히 노장사상이라며 비슷한 맥락에서 이해했던 노자와 장자는 사실 대립되는 이야기였던 거죠. 이처럼 동양고전은 철학이라기보다는 구체적인 '술'에 가깝습니다. 정치학, 조직학 뭐 그런 기술적인 부분에 대해 유가, 도가, 법가 등이 각자의 입장에서 논한 것이죠. 결국 2000년 동안 중국 문명은 관료제에 대한 무수한 데이터베이스를 가지고 있는 셈입니다. 상앙의 변법(오가작통법) 그리고 한비자는 그 핵심인물인 셈이고요. 그리고 그들이 수없이 많은 시간동안 진행해온 담론에는 인간의 심리적인 부분 등 교묘한 술수들도 담겨있습니다. 심리학은 결국 사람의 행동을 연구하면서 그 행동의 원인이 무엇일지 찾아내는 것일텐데, 그 원인을 알아낸다면 사람들의 행동을 원하는대로 이끌어낼 수 있겠죠. 그 점에서 최근 동양고전과 심리학 간의 융합적인 연구를 토대로 한 관련 논문이 쏟아져나오고 있다고 합니다. 최근 중국의 외교전략과 소프트파워는 이러한 동양고전에 대한 재정립을 통해 이루어지고 있고, 따라서 서양에서도 그에 대응하기 위해 적극적으로 연구를 진행하고 있죠. 그에 비하면 한국에서는 인문학이 마치 동떨어진 학문인냥 개차반 취급당하는 현실이 안타깝네요. ps- 관료제는 꼭대기에 있는 사람이 절대적인 권한을 가질 것 같지만, 실상은 그 밑에 있는 사람들이 얼마든지 그를 바보로 만들 수 있는 법이죠. 현대사회에서 나타나는 허수아비 장관과 왕차관이 그 대표적인 사레일테고요. 그리고 그 폐해를 이미 제자백가들이 지적했고, 한비자는 대립되는 둘을 뽑아놓으라고 합니다. 그리고 거기서 밸런스를 맞추고 걔네만 갈구라고요. 그러면 그 밑으로 자연스럽게 갈굼이 연속되면서 내가 원하는대로 '천하'가 구성될 것이다라는 생각이죠. 그렇게 붕당정치가 고대부터 생겨나고, 좌의정-영의정-우의정 같은게 생긴겁니다. 그런데 맹자를 비롯한 유가는 법가의 이런 방식에 걱정을 하는거죠. 만약 왕이 이상한 놈이면 어쩌지? 그래서 덕을 논하고, 맹자가 당시 천하의 패자가 될 것임이 유력했던 제나라의 선왕을 만나 강연을 한겁니다. 이 한 사람만 바꾸어놓으면 천하가 바뀔테니깐요. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 1 이 게시판에 등록된 커피최고님의 최근 게시물
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Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 620
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 628
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 628
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 640
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 644
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/cmt_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 6
Warning: Use of undefined constant file_name - assumed 'file_name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 28
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 65
24395 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
24395 class='vcm '>
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 70
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 71
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 76
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 117
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 118
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 119
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 120
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 121
24395'> 반틸
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 142
15/12/04 04:40
24395>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
노장사상의 편린만 보여도 심지어 오해를 받아도 서경덕처럼 사후에까지 불이익을 받은게 조선이라고 알고있는데요.
풍우란의 미국유학은 너무 내려잡으신게 아닌가합니다.
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
풍우란의 미국유학은 너무 내려잡으신게 아닌가합니다.
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
24395>
24395>
