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홍차넷
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티타임
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- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
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전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
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| Date |
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 53 24/11/29 11:27:09 Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 56 수정됨 |
| Name | Beemo |
| Subject | 스피커를 만들어보자 - 2. 인클로저 방식 |
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[스피커를 만들어보자 - 1.] https://new.redtea.kr/free/15068 안녕하세요. 일하기 싫어 적어보는 스피커 만들기 2탄 시간입니다. 지난 시간에는 네트워크를 이용해 스피커를 이어붙이는 방법에 대해 얘기했었는데요. 전에 얘기한대로 고음부터 아래로 한땀한땀 주파수응답을 바느질하다 보면 우퍼의 공진주파수 부근에서 끊어지게 됩니다. 이 때부터는 드라이버가 아닌 인클로저로 저음을 다듬어야 합니다. 아마 스피커 드라이버만 꺼내서 소리를 들어보신 분은 별로 안 계실 것 같은데, 꺼내어 들어보면 왱알앵알하는 소리만 나고 깊은 소리가 나질 않습니다. 진동판이 앞뒤로 움직이며 방출하는 음파가 사방에서 반사되어 귀로 전달되는거죠. 스피커 인클로저는 이런 어수선한 소리들을 정돈하고 후면으로 방사되는 에너지를 인클로저의 자체적인 공진주파수로 바꾸어 내보내는 역할을 하게 됩니다. 이 때 인클로저의 공진 주파수는 드라이버가 후면에서 진동시키는 매질에 따라 정해지는데 주로 인클로저 내부의 공기입니다. 따라서 인클로저가 커질수록 진동하는 공기의 양이 늘어나 저음이 깊이 내려갑니다. 핵심은 우퍼가 후방의 물질을 진동시켜 그 물질의 고유진동수에 해당하는 소리를 내는 것이지요. 인클로저의 방식은 여러가지가 있습니다. 우선 스피커 후면을 전부 막아 밀폐하는 [밀폐형]이 있습니다. 저음이 나오긴 하지만 강하지 않으며, 후방으로 방사되는 소리를 정돈하고 드라이버 본연의 성능을 살려주는 측면이 강합니다. 현대 하이파이의 우퍼부에서는 잘 사용되지 않습니다. 주로 저역을 확장할 필요가 없는 다채널의 위성스피커나 3웨이 이상의 스피커에서의 미드레인지에 사용됩니다. [베이스 리플렉스형] 처럼 공기구멍 (포트 혹은 덕트)를 내어 공기를 왔다갔다하게 할 수도 있습니다. 아마도 요즘 스피커에서 제일 흔하게 볼 수 있는 방식일겁니다. 유리병 주둥이에 바람을 불면 소리가 나는 원리처럼 작동합니다. 유리병에 물을 채우거나 비우거나 해서 소리의 높낮이를 조절할 수 있는 것처럼 인클로저 내부 부피 그리고 포트의 직경과 길이를 조정하여 공진주파수를 조정할 수 있습니다  [밀폐형과 포트형] 요즘은 뻥우퍼, 드론콘, 패시브라디에이터라는 자석과 보이스코일 없이 진동판만 달려있는 것을 사용하기도 합니다. 제가 좋아하는 방식이기도 합니다. 우퍼의 후방으로 전달되는 압력을 뻥우퍼라는 것을 진동시켜서 뻥우퍼의 공진주파수에 해당하는 영역으로 바꾸어주는 방식입니다. 보통 구동하는 우퍼 유닛 진동판 면적의 1.5배에 해당하는 진동판을 사용하면 좋다고 경험적으로 알려져 있으며, 진동판에 질량을 추가함으로써 미세한 조정을 할 수 있습니다. 질량을 추가하면 공진점이 내려가고 빼면 올라가는 식입니다. 빼는건 어려우니 보통 추가해서 공진주파수를 내립니다. 드론콘 방식의 제일 큰 장점은 인클로저의 크기를 크게 줄일 수 있다는 점입니다. 물론 저역에서의 음색은 드론콘의 재질이나 구조에 영향을 많이 받겠지만 저역 하한만 본다면 질량만 추가하면 되니까요. 그래서 요즘 포터블 스피커나 데스크파이에서 많이 채용되는 편입니다. 공기가 새어나가면 우퍼의 압력을 드론콘에 제대로 전달할 수 없기 때문에 밀폐가 핵심입니다.  [패시브 라디에이터- 좋은 제품들은 질량을 조절할 수 있게 무게추와 볼트를 제공하기도합니다.] 보통 풀레인지에 많이 쓰이는데 [미로형]이라는 것이 있습니다. 인클로저에 긴 관처럼 생긴 경로를 만들고 그 관의 시작과 끝 점을 기준으로 정상파를 발생시키는 방식입니다. 관악기를 생각하시면 됩니다. 이 때 미로의 면적은 진동판의 크기 정도, 미로의 길이는 목표로 한 공진주파수의 1/8정도로 하면 좋다고 합니다. 예를 들어 50Hz를 내고 싶다면 음속340을 50으로 나누어 6.8m. 이걸 8로 나누면 미로의 길이가 85cm가 되는 식이죠. 소리의 경로에 흡음재를 붙여 저항을 주면 공진주파수가 변하기도 합니다.  [미로형 인클로저] 서브우퍼에 한하여[ 밴드패스 인클로저]라는 것이 있습니다. 인클로저를 두개의 공간으로 나누고 그 경계에 드라이버를 배치하는 것입니다. 각 챔버의 공진주파수를 다르게 하여, 겹치는 구간의 소리를 서로 상쇄하고 두 챔버 공진주파수 사이의 영역만 살리는 구조입니다만. 제가 해본 결과 그렇게 잘 되지는 않더군요. ㅎㅎㅎ  [밴드패스 인클로저] 그럼 어떤 방식을 사용해야 할까요? 그건 드라이버의 스펙과 관계가 있습니다. https://loudspeakerdatabase.com/ 라는 곳을 가보면 나름 이름있는 스피커 제조사의 제품들을 찾을 수 있습니다. 자작인들에게 나름 유명한 스캔스픽의 스펙 요약을 가져와 봤습니다. 물론 스피커의 특징을 결정하는 스펙들은 더 많이 있지만요.  하나씩 살펴보면 임피던스가 8옴이고요, 크기는 8인치네요. 공진주파수는 35Hz로 매우 깊게 내려가는 편입니다. 진동판 면적은 154cm2, Xmax는 진동판이 앞뒤로 움직일 수 있는 거리입니다. SPL은 기준 조건에서의 음압입니다. 대부분의 특성들은 스피커의 직경에 따라가기 마련입니다만 Q라는 값은 다릅니다. Q는 댐핑팩터라고 불리는 것으로 진동판이 신호가 멈춘 후 얼마나 빠르게 멈추는지를 의미힙니다. 코일과 자력에 의한 전자기적 댐핑과 진동판의 재질이나 구조등 물리적 댐핑의 합으로 결정됩니다. Q가 클수록 댐핑이 잘 안되는 것 Q가 작을수록 댐핑이 잘 되는것이고, 댐핑이 클수록 음악 신호에 기민하게 반응하니 저역이 단단해진다고 볼 수 있습니다. 인클로저로 돌아가 아주 단순하게 말한다면 Q가 크면 댐핑이 작고 밀폐형에 적합하고, Q가 작으면 댐핑이 커서 포트나 드론콘에 필요한 압력을 전달할 수 있어 포트형이나 패시브라디에이터에 적합하다고 할 수 있겠습니다. https://www.diyaudioandvideo.com/Calculator/SealedVsPortedSpeakerBox/ 여기에서 어떤 방식을 사용해야 하는지 시뮬레이션 해볼 수 있습니다. (3편에서 계속) Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 6 |
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Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 612
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Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 620
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 628
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 628
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 640
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 644
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 646
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/cmt_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 6
Warning: Use of undefined constant file_name - assumed 'file_name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 28
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 65
196403 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
196403 class='vcm '>
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 70
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 71
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 76
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 117
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 118
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 119
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 120
Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 121
196403'> Mandarin
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 142
24/11/29 16:54
196403>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
이정도 내공을 가지려면 얼마나 스피커를 닫고 열고 해야하는것인가...
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
196403>
196403>
