Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 278
홍차넷
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 269
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 300
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 16
티타임
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 21
Warning: Use of undefined constant header - assumed 'header' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 31
- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_formmail - assumed 'use_formmail' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 519
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/include/print_category.php on line 9
전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 29
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 41
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 389
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 398
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 2
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/memo_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 10
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 40
| Date |
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 53 23/02/21 01:38:23 Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 56 |
| Name | 카르스 |
| Subject | 서구와 동아시아에서 추구하는 자유는 다르다 |
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서구는 자유를 중시하고 동아시아는 자유를 덜 중시한다는 고정관념이 있습니다. 개인주의-집단주의 구도로 설명되기도 하고, 코로나19 대응방식으로 이 고정관념이 더 강화된 것 같기도 합니다. 개인적으로는 회의적인 주장입니다만. 하지만 서구 = 자유 중시, 동아시아 = 자유 무시의 이분적 고정관념은 부정확할 뿐더러 많은 오해를 양산할 수 있습니다. 오늘 소개할 Akaliyski (2023) 논문에 따르면, 서구와 동아시아 지역은 추구하는 자유 스펙트럼이 서로 다르기 때문입니다. 동아시아는 서구에 비해 중시되는 자유 스펙트럼이 좁은 게 사실이라, 서구보다 자유를 덜 중시하는 걸로 해석될 여지도 있습니다. 하지만 이는 몇몇 자유는 양 지역이 비슷하게, 혹은 동아시아에서 더 중시되기도 한다는 사실을 가립니다. 동아시아에서 중시되는 자유의 영역이 좁긴 하지만, 모든 자유를 서구보다 덜 중시하는 것은 아닙니다. 그리고 이런 상이한 자유 스펙트럼으로 서구와 동아시아는 다른 사회경제적인 장단점을 지니게 되었습니다. .png) 우선 저자는 세계적으로 발전 수준이 높은 프로테스탄티즘 서구(프로테스탄티즘 지역이 중심이기에 가톨릭 종교색이 강한 프랑스, 스페인, 이탈리아 등은 빠집니다)와 동아시아 국가들을 비교하기 위해서, 자유에 대한 선호와 중시도를 나타내는 자유에 대한 열망(Freedom Aspiration) 지표를 크게 6가지 하위 항목으로 나눕니다. 1) 개인적 자율성(Personal Autonomy) 2) 세속적 정체성(Secular Identity) 3) 성평등(Gender Equality) 4) 재생산권 자유(Reproductive Freedom) 5) 정치적 자유주의(Political Liberalism) 6) 다양성 관용(Diversity Tolerance) - 뒤에 인종적 관용(Ethnic Tolerance)로 나타나기도 함 .png) 이러한 자유의 하위항목들을 다차원 척도법(Multidimensional Scaling)을 통해 프로테스탄트-서구적 자유 지표와 동아시아적 자유 지표로 대비시키면 지역 간 자유 스펙트럼의 차이가 확실히 드러납니다. 1차원(Dimension 1)이자 y축은 프로테스탄트-서구적 자유 지표이고, 2차원(Dimension 2)이자 x축은 동아시아적 자유 지표인데, 보다시피 y축은 프로테스탄트-서구 국가들(초록색)이 최상위권인 반면 x축은 동아시아 국가들(파란색)이 최상위권입니다. 두 집단은 서로끼리 뭉치고, 다른 집단과 확실히 떨어져 있는 경향을 보입니다. .png) 그리고 서구적 자유 스펙트럼인 D1은 전반적인 자유 열망(Freedom Aspirations) 지표와 매우 강한 양의 상관관계가 나타나지만, 동아시아적 자유 스펙트럼인 D2는 상관관계가 나타나지 않았습니다. 그리고 D1은 모든 자유 하위항목과 유의미한 양의 상관관계를 보인 반면 (개인적 자율성PA부터 인종적 관용ET까지), D2는 개인적 자율성과 세속적 정체성에만 유의미한 양의 상관관계가 나타났으며 나머지 자유 하위항목과는 상관관계가 없거나 오히려 음의 상관관계가 나타나기도 했습니다. 또한 D1과 D2는 연관성이 거의 없었습니다. 쉽게 말해 서구 국가들은 여섯 가지 자유 세부항목을 모두 고르게 중시한다면, 동아시아의 자유는 1) 개인적 자율성 2) 세속적 정체성 두 자유만 중시합니다. 그렇기에 서구와 동아시아는 전반적인 자유 중시 수준이 비슷하더라도 세부적인 자유 추구 양상은 다를 수 있습니다. 일본과 미국은 모든 자유를 고르게 중시하는 프로테스탄트-서구적 스펙트럼으로 보면 자유에 대한 열망 수준이 거의 비슷합니다만, 동아시아적 스펙트럼 수치가 크게 차이나는 데에서 볼 수 있듯 세부적 자유의 양상은 많이 다릅니다.  이러한 서구와 동아시아의 자유 스펙트럼의 상이함은 회귀분석을 통해서도 확인할 수 있습니다. 생활수준을 고려하면 동아시아는 '전반적인' 자유를 덜 중시하는 편은 아닙니다만(서구의 자유 중시가 매우 튀는 쪽에 가깝습니다), 세부적으로 들어가자면 동아시아는 개인적 자율성, 세속적 정체성만 많이 중시하는 편이고 나머지 자유는 재생산적 자유, 성평등 등에서 볼 수 있듯이 생활수준 대비 뒤떨어지는 항목도 존재하죠. 자유를 골고루 중시해서 세속적 정체성을 제외한 모든 자유 세부항목에서 생활수준 대비 높은 수준을 유지하는 서구와는 다릅니다. .png) .png) 이렇게 중시하는 자유 스펙트럼이 다른 것은 서구와 동아시아의 서로 다른 사회경제적 우위를 만들어냅니다. 서구는 주관적인 삶의 만족도, 인구구조적 지속가능성, 민주적 제도와 인권, 성평등, 혁신에서 우위를 보이는 반면, 동아시아는 물리/정신적 건강, 치안, 경제적 경쟁력, 교육수준에서 우위를 보입니다. 사실 읽으면서 여러 부분이 아쉬웠던 논문입니다. 우선 자유 스펙트럼의 차이를 바로 사회경제적 우위로 넘기는 마지막 부분의 논리와 회귀분석이 부실해 보였습니다. 자유 스펙트럼의 차이가 사회경제적 우위를 만들기도 하겠지만 그 반대도 가능하고 제3의 변수도 존재할 수 있는데, 그런 인과관계의 가능성에 대한 엄밀한 논증이 보이지 않았습니다. 그리고 중국은 프로테스탄트 서구와 동아시아 국가 중에 유일한 독재국가이자 개발도상국급 발전 수준을 가진 나라입니다. 발전수준은 회귀분석에서 통제하긴 합니다만, 그것도 한계가 있습니다. 동아시아 집단에서 중국을 빼서 분석했어도 결과가 그대로일지 궁금합니다. 하지만 주제의 시의성이 높은 논문이라 소개했습니다. 전반적으로 서구는 자유를 중시하는데 동아시아는 자유를 소홀히 한다는 이분법적인 분석을 넘어서, 자유의 여러 하위면모와 스펙트럼의 차원에서 분석해보는 건 의의가 있습니다. 동아시아도 개인적 자율성이나 세속적 정체성의 자유를 중시하지만, 성평등, 재생산적 자유, 정치적 자유, 다양성 관용 부분의 자유는 소홀하다는 분석은 우리 동아시아 문화의 부족함을 잘 지적한 것 같기도 하고요. 개인적인 뇌피셜이지만, 한국 더 나아가 동아시아의 물질주의와 각자도생 문화는 개인적 자율성과 세속적 정체성 측면의 자유를 유독 중시하는 측면도 있는 것 같습니다. 이 부분에 대해서도 연구가 필요해 보입니다. 출처: Akaliyski, P. (2023). Distinct Conceptions of Freedom in East Asia and the Protestant West Underpin Unique Pathways of Societal Development. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 54(2), 173–194. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 7 이 게시판에 등록된 카르스님의 최근 게시물
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182035 class="iamcmt" style="display:none;"> Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 66
182035 class='vcm '>
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 70
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182035'> 꼬았
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23/02/21 07:18
182035>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
흥미로운 글 잘 읽었습니다.
세속적 정체성의 하위항목들을 보니 종교 관련 지표인 것 같은데,
무교 비중이 높은 우리나라가 D2 최상위 점수를 받은 요인은 어떻게 되는지 궁금하네요.
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1
세속적 정체성의 하위항목들을 보니 종교 관련 지표인 것 같은데,
무교 비중이 높은 우리나라가 D2 최상위 점수를 받은 요인은 어떻게 되는지 궁금하네요.
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Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 168
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 168
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 168
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 168
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 168
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 168
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 168
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 168
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 168
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
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