Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 278
홍차넷
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 34
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 45
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 47
Warning: Use of undefined constant r - assumed 'r' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/outlogin_toby.php on line 51
Warning: Use of undefined constant memo - assumed 'memo' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 237
Warning: Use of undefined constant is_admin - assumed 'is_admin' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 269
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/zero_header.php on line 300
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 16
티타임
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 21
Warning: Use of undefined constant header - assumed 'header' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/bbs_title.php on line 31
- 다양한 주제에 대해 자유롭게 글을 작성하는 게시판입니다.
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_formmail - assumed 'use_formmail' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/lib.php on line 519
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/include/print_category.php on line 9
전체기타일상/생각꿀팁/강좌방송/연예도서/문학영화의료/건강문화/예술경제생활체육과학/기술철학/종교정치요리/음식역사여행육아/가정IT/컴퓨터음악창작게임스포츠사회오프모임
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 29
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/setup.php on line 41
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 398
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
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Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
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Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant subject - assumed 'subject' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 402
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 403
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 405
Warning: Use of undefined constant total_comment - assumed 'total_comment' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/view.php on line 406
Warning: Use of undefined constant name - assumed 'name' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 2
Warning: Use of undefined constant HTTP_HOST - assumed 'HTTP_HOST' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/pb/memo_replace.php on line 3
Warning: Use of undefined constant x - assumed 'x' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 10
Warning: Use of undefined constant use_category - assumed 'use_category' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 40
| Date |
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 53 15/09/20 06:21:31 Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 56 |
| Name | 눈부심 |
| Subject | 갈릴레오 갈릴레이 |
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갈릴레오 갈릴레이(1564-1642)는 이태리의 철학자이자 과학자, 물리학자, 천문학자입니다. 캠브리지대학에서 철학역사를 전공한 제임스 해넘의 저서 'God's Philosophers' 갈릴레오는 네덜란드에서 만들어졌다는 최신식 천체망원경에 대한 이야기를 듣고 자신도 하나 만들어 봅니다. 워낙에 똑똑해서 그게 가능했던.. 자신이 만든 망원경으로 하늘을 바라 본 갈릴레오는 놀라움을 금치 못하죠. 너무 잘 보였던 거예요. 특히 행성 중 비너스가 태양빛에 의해 단면이 달리 보이는 디테일을 목격하게 되죠. 토성에게는 귀가 보였어요. 우리가 아는 토성의 링을 목격한 거예요. 게다가 달을 관찰하니 맨들맨들하지 않고 마치 지구처럼 산 같은 것도 있고 분화구도 보였어요. 지금껏 기존의 철학이 얘기해주던 것과는 다른 천체의 모습을 본 갈릴레오는 더욱 천체의 매력에 빠져들게 됩니다. 당시의 철학은 하늘은 완벽한 곳이고 우리 지구상에는 존재하지 않는 제 5의 요소 같은 것이 있어서 마찰이나 부패도 존재하지 않을 것이라고 믿었대요. 하늘은 지구와는 완전히 다른 미지의 장소였죠. 그런데 갈릴레오가 관찰한 달은 마치 지구같이 생긴 거예요. 계곡 같은 것도 보이고 말이에요. 이런 발견은 종교적으로 그닥 논란거리가 되는 것은 아니어서 1610년 흥분한 갈릴레오는 자신이 발견한 사실을 책으로 내고 출판 즉시 유럽 과학자들 사이에서 수퍼스타가 됩니다.. 갈릴레오는 코페르니쿠스의 지동설을 일찌기부터 신봉하던 몇 안 되는 과학자였어요. 지동설을 믿는 과학자는 극소수였는데 지구가 움직인다는 사실을 증명하기가 매우 어려웠다고 합니다. 우리가 사는 지구는 너무나 정적이니까요. 그러나 비너스의 빛의 단면을 관찰하고 비너스가 태양 주위를 도는 것이라고 판단한 갈릴레오는 지구도 비너스 같을 거라고 확신했어요. 당시 코페르니쿠스라는 과학자(이자 성직자)나 그의 책은 그닥 주목받지 못하고 있었어요. 말씀드렸다시피 그의 지동설을 믿는 과학자들도 매우 소수에 불과했죠. 그런데 갈릴레오가 코페르니쿠스의 지동설이 사실이며 성경에서의 천동설 메세지는 수사적 표현으로 간주하면 종교적으로 문제될 것이 없다고도 이야기하고 다닙니다. 실제 당시 사람들은 다들 지구가 둥근 건 당연하게 믿고들 살았고 성경이 수사적으로 해석될 수 있다는 것에 아무런 거부감이 없었거든요. 갈릴레오는 신학자가 아닌 과학자이므로 부담없이 자신의 생각을 이야기할 수 있었으나 그의 이야기가 신학자들의 귀에 들어가자 이들은 지동설과 천동설을 두고 문자주의해석을 고수할 것이냐 수사적 표현이라고 주장해야 할 것이냐 결정해야 하는 위기에 처합니다. 1616년 카톨릭교회에 의해 위원회가 형성되고 지동설이냐 천동설이냐 결정을 하게 되었어요. 이 위원회는 당시 과학자/철학자들 중 최신의 과학적 지식에 근거한 과학자나 철학자들은 아닌 사람들의 조언을 받아들여 천동설을 공식적으로 과학적 팩트로 선택하는 잘못된 결정을 내립니다. 사실 당시 팽배해 있던 과학적 의식은 지구가 중심에 고정되어 움직이지 않는다고 하는 것이 옳다는 분위기이긴 했어요. 갈릴레오는 마이너리티과학자에 불과했던 거죠. 과학은 종교가 끼어들 자리는 아니지만 카톨릭교회로선 신학자들이 문자주의를 고수할 것인지 성경이 수사라고 할 것인지에 대한 가이드라인이 필요해서 과학자들의 조언을 필요로 했던 거예요. 갈릴레오는 자신은 일그램도 잘못한 것이 없다고 믿었고 당시 한 카톨릭 추기경도 갈릴레오에게 괜찮다고 해주었어요. 그 정도로는 종교재판소(The Inquisition)에 회부되지 않을 것이나 다만 사람들에게 지동설을 설득하고 다니는 일만은 자제해 달라고 부탁을 했죠. 그치만 갈릴레오는 교회가 잘못되었다는 불만이 매우 강했죠. 그렇게 20여년 동안 갈릴레오는 천천히 아주 천천히 교회가 생각을 바꾸기를 원하고 있었어요. 그렇다고 해서 갈릴레오가 정치수완이 좋은 사람도 아니었어요. 근데 마침 다행히 새로 부임한 교황 어번 8세랑은 굉장한 친분을 자랑했습니다. 교황 어번 8세도 철학자적인 면이 있었고 갈릴레오와 자주 만나며 대단히 친하게 지냈다고 해요. 어느 날 갈릴레오가 교황에게 물었어요. 전통적으로 내려오는 천체관과 코페르니쿠스의 천체관을 비교해 보는 책을 써도 되겠냐고요. 교황은 갈릴레오라면 그런 비교정도야 법을 어기지 않는 내에서 충분히 할 수 있을 것이라 생각했어요. 그래서 그러라고 하죠. 이에 갈릴레오는 <천문학 대화>라는 책을 서술합니다. 갈릴레오는 나름 중립적인 시각으로 쓴다고 쓴 책이 '나중에' 신학자들과 교황의 눈에는 지동설을 고무, 주장하는 책으로 보이게 됩니다. 이 책은 대화체로 되어 있는데 실제 갈릴레오는 천동설을 믿는 등장인물을 어리석은 사람취급하는 뉘앙스를 숨기지 않았어요. 천동설을 믿는 인물이 세 명 나오는데 그들을 Simplicius(?)라고 칭합니다. 이 이름은 실제 존재하는 그리스철학자의 이름을 딴 것이긴 하지만 어쨌든 그런 이름의 선택은 천동설을 믿는 이들을 우둔남이라고 칭하고 싶었던 갈릴레오의 의도를 내비치기도 하니까요. 결정적인 문제는 이 책의 말미에 나와요. 실제 교황과 나누었던 대화를 등장인물인 Simplicius를 통해 드러내 놓았는데요. 갈릴레오가 교황과 담화를 나눌 때 실제 오갔던 얘기 중에 이런 것이 있었어요. 교황이 그랬죠. 갈릴레오가 망원경을 통해 목격한 모든 현상들은 신이 주관하고 만들어낸 것이기 때문에 지구에 있는 우리들은 무엇을 보든 하늘이 정말로 어떤지 알 수 없는 노릇이라고요. 갈릴레오는 이게 말도 안되는 논거라고 생각했고 책에서 그렇게 밝힌 거예요. 갈릴레오는 초고를 완성하고 이제 교회의 일부인 도서심의위원회에 책을 출판해도 되는지 묻게 됩니다. 도서심위의원회는 갈릴레오가 이미 교황의 허락을 받고 책을 쓴 것인 줄로 알고 책이 출판되기 전에 그냥 싸인을 해주죠. 이제 책이 출판되고 그 책을 읽어 본 교황은 분노폭발 화르르르르르!!!! 갈릴레오 놈은 플로랑스에서 로마로 쫓겨나야 하며 재판에도 회부되어야 한다고 난리를 칩니다. 그러자 바티칸측은 입장이 곤란하게 되죠. 지네들이 이미 출판을 허락한 책을 두고 재판을 벌여야 하니까요. 그치만 교회측은 갈릴레오가 1616년에 지동설을 고무, 전파하지 않겠다고 약속한 바를 어겼다고 보고 1633년 로마에서 재판을 진행합니다. 갈릴레오 자신은 가치중립적으로 쓴 책이라고 하지만 그 책을 읽는 누구나 한쪽이 바보취급을 받고 있다는 것이 명백하긴 했어요. 종교재판에서 거짓말을 하는 것은 목숨이 왔다 갔다 하는 일이고 모두들 중립적인 서술이 아니었다고 말들을 하니 결국 갈릴레오는 모두들 그리 생각한다면 코페르니쿠스가 틀렸고 교회가 맞는 것이라고 영리한 양보를 하게 됩니다. 결국 갈릴레오는 가택구류를 선고 받고 집이 있는 플로랑스로 돌아가는데 코페르니쿠스의 지동설을 더 이상 대놓고 지지하지는 못했지만 편하게 잘 살았대요. 당시 유럽에서 최고의 권력자였던 교황을 격노시킨 것에 비하면 갈릴레오는 끔찍한 처벌에서 말도 안되게 쉽게 벗어난 편이라고 합니다. 중세의 종교와 과학을 논할 때 중세의 종교가 과학과 대척점에 있었다고 오해를 하고 있는데 갈릴레오의 케이스만 봐도 종교와 과학의 싸움보다는 개인들의 자존심과 알력의 싸움이었음을 알 수 있어요. 중세의 종교재판이 과학을 이리저리 간섭하고 종교적 잣대를 강요했다고 믿기 쉬우나 단 한명의 과학자도 새로운 과학 아이디어자체 때문에 화형에 처해지거나 하지는 않았다고 합니다. 과학적으로 밝혀진 것이 많이 없었던 중세에는 신이 창조한 놀라운 세상을 찬양하고 경이로와하는 분야가 바로 과학이었고 철학이기도 했대요. 대학의 과학커리큘럼에 경제적 지원을 가장 아끼지 않았던 곳이 바로 교회구요. Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 133 Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 146 Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view.php on line 161 3 이 게시판에 등록된 눈부심님의 최근 게시물
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15418'> 와우
Warning: Use of undefined constant mod_date - assumed 'mod_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 133
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 140
Warning: Use of undefined constant reg_date - assumed 'reg_date' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 142
15/09/20 08:23
15418>삭제 주소복사
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 150
마지막 문장을 보고 평소 제가 생각하고 있던 바를 표현해보자면, 저런 방향으로의 지향이야말로 과학에 대하여 종교가 가져야할 이상적인 포지션이 아닌가 싶어요.
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant level - assumed 'level' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 158
Warning: Use of undefined constant password - assumed 'password' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 166
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 171
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 172
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant no - assumed 'no' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
Warning: Use of undefined constant vote - assumed 'vote' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/redtea/html/a_skin/bbsd/view_comment.php on line 173
15418>
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